Jamb 2024 Biology likely Questions & Answers

Biology 1983- 2004 

Jamb 2024 Biology likely Questions & Answers

Past Questions

1. Root hairs are developed from the … 

Biology 1983 

1. a protein B. a carbohydrate, C. a fat 
   
2. root apex B. epidermis of roots C. vascular bundles D. endodermis 
3. pericycle 

Use Fig. 1 to answer questions 2-4  

Fig 1 

Fig 1 represents a cross-section of a part of a  dicot plant. 

2. Which of the following features can be used to  identify Fig1? 
3. Position of 7 B. Its circular nature C. Number of5 D. Presence of 3 E. Width of 2. 
4. The main function of 6 isto 
5. separate5 from7 B.producemoreof 5 and 7. 
6. produce cork D. translocatewater and mineral salt E. conduct carbon dioxide to the other parts. 
7. The main function of 4 isto 

A.surround the inner tissues B. produce cork 

1. produce root hairs D. produce lateral roots 
2. produce more of 3. 
3. In adicotleaf,guardcellsdifferfromother  epidermal cellsbecausethey 
4. have no definite shape B.lacknuclei 
5. are smaller D.containchloroplasts E.lack vacuole. 
6. Which ofthe following structuresis NOT found in the  femaleagamalizard? 
7. Pre-anal pads B. Eardrum C. Gularfold 
8. Nasalscale E. Nuchalcrest. 
9. Herbs differ from shrubs because they A. do notproducefruits B. are useful to herbalists C. do not become woody D. are onlyannuals E. are  only perennials. 
10. Ifan isolatedlivingcellisleftin distilledwaterfortwo  hours,itislikelyto 
11. losesomeofitswaterto the surrounding water 
12. loseallofitswaterto thesurroundingwater 
13. reproduce by binary fission D. become more turgid. E. die due to excess water. 
14. If an organic compound has its Hydrogen: Oxygen  ratio as 2:1, it islikely to be 
15. afatty acid and glycerol E. an aminoacid. 
16. Which ofthe following elementsare necessaryforthe  formationofchlorophyllinaplant? 
17. Magnesium and iron B. Calcium and potassium C. Calcium and sulphur D. Potassium and sulphur E. Phosphorus and potassium. 
18. Which ofthefollowing statementsisNOT trueof  mammalianerythrocytes? 

A.They have haemoglobin B. Theyappear yellow  

when lookedatsingly C.Theyare disc-shaped 

1. The cells are more numerous than leucocytes E. Theyhave nuclei at maturity. 
2. In woody plants, gases and water vapour are  transported across the stems by the 

A.xylemfibres B.medullaryfibres C.medullaryrays 

1. phloemfibres E. phloem parenchyma. 
2. Which ofthe following substances is NOT found in  urine? 

A.WaterB.SodiumchlorideC. Nitrogenouscompounds D. Calcium chloride E. Nitrogenous salts. 

14. The kidneys of all vertebrates act as osmo  regulators. This means that they 
15. keepthe composition ofthe plasma constant 

B.regulate osmoticprocesses C. Controlthevolumeof  blood entering the kidneys D. decrease the osmotic  

pressure of blood E. increase the osmotic pressure of  blood. 

15. The movement of part of a plant in response to  external stimulus of no particular direction is 
16. taxism B. tropism C haptotropic movement  

D nastic movement E. phototropism 

16. The part of the mammalian brain responsible for  maintaining balance isthe 
17. medullaoblongata B. olfactory lobe 
18. cerebellum, D.cerebrum E.frontallobe. 

Fig vertical section of onion bulb. 

Which of the labelled parts in Fig 2 will develop into a  new bulb? A. 1 B. 4 C. 2 D. 3 E.5. 

18. In the onion bulb, food is stored in the A. stem B. lateral buds C. cotyledons 
19. outer scale leaves E. leaf bases.
20. Groundnutis notreallya ‘nut’in thebiologicalsense  because 
21. it is harvestedfrominsidethe ground B. its pericarp  isnot hard and tough. C. the fruitissucculent 
22. it is an achene. 
23. What type of fruit is formed from a single flower  having several free carpels? 
24. multiplefruit B. Simplefruit C. Aggregatefruit D. Dehiscent fruit E. Indehiscent fruit. 
25. A 28g soil sample was heated to a constant weight  of 24g. When further heated to red hot and cooled,  it weighed 18g. What is the percentage of hurmus  in the soil? 
26. 22.2 B. 55.6 C. 75.0 D. 25.9 E. 35.7. 22. Which of the following diseases is NOT caused  by a virus? 
27. Rinderpest B. Maize rust C. Newcastle disease D. Swine fever E. Cassava mosaic disease. 
28. A centipede differsfrom a millipede by its A. colour B. numerous abdominalsegments 
29. pairedlegsoneachabdominalsegment 
30. poison claws E. cylindrical body. 
31. An organism having one pair of identical genesis A. a heterozygote B. a hybrid C. an allelomorph D. a homozygote E. a diploid 
32. Plants which can survive in places where the water  supply islimited are 

A .bryophytes B.mesophytes C. xerophytes  

D.hydrophytes E. pteridophytes. 

26. Banana, plantain and pineapple can be grouped  together because they 

A.producesmallseeds B. aremultiplefruits 

1. produce suckers D. haverunners E. have bulbils. 
2. One disease NOT caused directly by bacteria is  A.malaria B. tuberculosis C. pneumonia D.tetanus E. cholera. 
3. In what order do the following structures develop  duringthemetamorphosisofthetoad?1.External gills 2.Internalgills3.Forelimbs4.Hindlimbs 5.Mouth.  

A.1 2345 B.15243 C.13 45 D.534 12 

1. 54 32 1. 
2. The dental formular i 3/3: c 1/1: pm4/4:m2/3 = 42  represents that of a 
3. rabbit B. full grown man C. youngchild D. dog E. sheep. 
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true of  insectivorous plants? 
5. They obtain part of their food by trapping and  feeding on insects B. Theyattract insects simply  because of pollination. C. They can grow in soils poor  in nitrogenous salts. D. They can supplement the  

nitrogen supply by feeding on insects E. Examples  include butterworts, sundews and pitcherplants. 

31. Which of these worms is beneficial to man? A. Hookworm B. Tapeworm C. Roundworm D.Earthworm E. Gunieaworm. 
32. Starting from the skull end, the vertebrae are  arranged in the following order: 
33. axis, atlas, cervical, thoracic and limbar 
34. atlas, cervical, axis, thoracic andlumbar 
35. atlas, axis, thoracic, cervical and lumbar 
36. atlas, axis, cervical, thoracic and lumbar 
37. atlas, thoracic, cervical axis and lumbar. 
38. Which of the following diseases could be  exclusively associated with a river basin? 
39. Malaria B. Syphilis C. Onchocerciasis 
40. Cholera E. Poliomyelitis. 
41. Which of the following represents the evolutionary  sequence in these plants? 1. Flowering plants, 2.  Ferns, 3. Mosses, 4. Algae, 5. Conifers. 

A.2⓪1⓪4⓪3⓪5 B.5⓪4⓪3⓪2⓪1  C.2⓪4⓪5⓪1⓪3 D. 

3⓪2⓪4⓪5⓪1 E. 

4⓪3⓪2⓪5⓪1 

35. Which ofthe following will NOT allow osmosisto  take place? 
36. pig’s bladder B. Cellophane C. Parchmentpaper D. Transparent polythene E. Cow’s bladder. 
37. Which of the following statements on the  mammalian circulatory system is Nottrue? 

A.Blood in the pulmonary artery is richer in  

oxygen content than blood in the pulmonaryvein 

B.Thebloodin thehepatic portalvein isthe richestin  food substances. C. Blood flow is controlled by  

valves in theveins D. Arteries are generally  

thicker andlargerthan veins. E.Fibrin helpsin the  formation ofbloodclot. 

37. In a positive phototropic response of a coleoptile, the  region of greatest curvature is brought about by the A. movement of auxins away from theregion of  

curvature, B. even distribution ofauxins in all  parts ofthe coleoptile, C.inhibitionofgrowth 

byauxins in the region of smaller curvature 

1. concetrationn of auxins in the region of curvature E.  absence of auxins in the coleptile. 
2. The tuber ofcassava is NOT a stemtuber because it A. is distended with food reserve B. has an aerial  shoot portion C. has other structures that  

could becalled roots D. lacksaxillarybuds 

1. has a bark over its stored food. 
2. The function of the ossicles (maleus, incus and  stapes) in the mammalian ear isthe 
3. transmission of vibrations B. regulation of  

pressures C.supportofthe inner ear 

1. maintenance of balance during motion 
2. secretion ofoil. 
3. Which of the following instruments is used for  determining turbidity of water? 
4. Thermometer B. Secchi Disc C. Rain gauge D. Hygrometer E. Wind vane. 
5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of 
   

monocot plants?

1. occurrence ofsecondary thickening B. Parallel  venation C. Scattered vascular bundles 
2. Floral parts arranged in threes, E. Periath is  usually insignifdicant 
3. Which sequence represnts the correct order of  organism in a food chain? 1. Toad, 2.Mucuna, 3.  Grasshopper, 4.Snake, 5.Hawk. 
4. 5 4 1 3 2 B. 1 2 3 4 5
5. 2 1 3 4 5 D. 2 3 1 5 4
6. 2 3 1 4 5
7. In Rhizopus, carbonhydrate is stored in the form of A. glucose B. paramylon C. glycogen D. starch E. oil 44. Which of the following statements about the rate  oftranspiration isINCORRECT? It is 

A.dependent on temperature B. affected by changesin  light intensity C. unaffected byhumidity 

1. dependent on air movement E. affected by  

availability of water. 

45. ‘Jointed skeleton’ is absent in the 
46. cockroach B. spider C. millipede D. snail 
47. dragon fly. 
48. Which of the following statements about the  definition of man is Incorrect? Man has 
49. moremolarsthanincisors B. nodiastema 
50. the same number of teeth on upper and lower jaws D. a total of thirty-two teeth E. a total of six molars. 
51. When a Spirogyra cell isimmersed in a salt solution  more concentrated than its cell sap,it 
52. remains unchanged B. takes up water and burst C. absorbs a littlewater D. loses water and shrivel E. becomes turgid. 
53. Urea is produced in the 

A.liver, B.Ladder, C.spleen, D.kidneys.E.gallbladder 

49. What isthegeneticration oftheF2generation if members  ofFgenerationareallowedtoself-pollinate? 
50. 1tall: 3short B. 3 tall:1 short C. 1 tall: 1 short D. 4 shorts: 0 tall E. 4 tall:0 short 
51. Thepath taken byglucosefromtheileumtothe heartis A. ileum hepaticportalvein hepatic artery vena  cava heart. B. ileum hepaticportal 

artery hepaticartery venacave heart. 

1. ileum hepaticportalvein vena cava heart D. ileum hepaticvein vena cava heart. 
2. ileum hepaticportal vein hepatic vein vena cava  heart. 
   

Biology 1984 

1. The mouth part of the housefly are adapted for A. lapping and sponging. B. sucking andchewing. C. piercing and sucking. D. chewing and lapping. E. biting and chewing. 
2. The male toad differs from the female by having A. vocal sacs.B. shorter hindlimbs. 
3. longer fore limbs. D. bulging eyes. 
4. nictating membrane. 
5. Mosses, liverworts and ferns can be grouped  together because they 
6. areallequaticplants.B. allgrowin deserts. 
7. are seedless plants. D. have undifferentiated plant  bodies. E. all produce colourless flowers. 
8. Spirogyra and Mucor can be grouped together as  Thallophyta because. 
9. theyare unicellular organism B. their spores  

could be dispersed by wind C. they are capable 

of living independent lives D. they reproduce sexually  only E. their bodies are made up of thallus and  filamentsalternatively. 

5. Which of the following invertebrates does NOT possess antennae? 
6. Centipede B. Crustacean C.Millipede D. Insect E. Spider 
7. Which ofthe following isINCORRECT? The  prothallus of afern 
8. isa flattenedheart-shapedstructure. 
9. is green becauseits cells contain chloroplasts 
10. is the dominant plant D. bears the sexual organs E. is attached to the ground by numerous rhizoids. 
11. Which of the following cell constituents is NOT common in both plants andanimals? 
12. Mitochondria B. Chloroplasts 
13. Ribosomes D. Golgi apparatus 
14. Vacoules. 
15. Thecharacter-producing factorsinlivingorganismsare A. chromomeres B. alleles C. chromatids 
16. chromosomes E. genes. 
17. A mixture ofmercurous and mercuric nitratesis added  to a food substance. A white precipitate is formed  which on gentle heating turns red. The food  

substance is 

1. protein B. oil C. Carbohydrate 
2. Fat E.Fatty acid. 
3. Themammalian organ through which nourishment  and oxygen diffuseinto a developing embryois called A. amnion B. chorion C. umbilicalcord D. oviduct E. placenta
4. Fig1 represents a quillfeather.The structurelabelled  “M” isthe 
5. quill B. rachis C. superior umbilicus 
6. inferior umbilicus E. aftershaft 
7. Osmosis can be defined as the movement of A. molecules from solution of highconcentration 

to low concentration B. molecules from solution of  low concentration to ]high concentration 

1. water from solution of high concentration to low  concentration D. Water across a semi-permeable  membrane from solution of lowconcentration to high  concentration E. water across a semi-permeable  membranefromsolution of high concentration 

to low concentration 

13. Which ofthefollowing statementsisNOT trueof  enzymes? They 
14. are proteins B.needcofactorsto activate them C. are sensitiveto hydrogen ion concentration 
15. arespecificin theiraction 
16. canwithstandhightemperatures. 
17. The dorsal and anal fins of fish are used for A. upward movements B. controlling rolling  movements C. downwardmovements 
18. steering E. buoyancy. 
19. Exoskeleton is NOT found inthe 
20. maggot B. mosquito larva C. earthworm 
21. caterpillar F. termite 
22. Blood clotting is initiated by 
23. leucocytes B. platelets C. haemolymph D. haemoglobin E. erythrocytes 
24. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme which breaks A. cellulose into glucose molecules 
25. carbohydrates into simple sugars 
26. protein into peptones D. fats into glycerol  and fatty acids E. sucrose into glucose and  fructose. 
27. Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces A. carbondioxide and ethanol B. carbondioxideand  water C. carbondioxide and oxygen 
28. carbondioxide and glucose E. ethanol and water 
29. Underground stems which grow horizontally  through the soil are 
30. blubs B. rhizomes C. runners 
31. corms E. stolons 
32. A man with a normal haemoglobin (AA) marries a  woman who has sickle-cell haemoglobin (SS).  They have a child who has sickle-cell trait. Which  of the following genotypes could be associated  with the child’s haemoglobin? 
33. AA B. OO C. AO 
34. AS E. SS 
35. In a Biuret test, some protein was mixed with sodium  hydroxide solution. Which of the following  

chemicals should be added to the mixture for a  positive result? 

1. Mercurous nitrate B. Coppersulphate 
2. Mercuricnitrate D. Sodium carbonate 
3. Ammoniumhydroxide 
4. The removal of a man’s pancreas by surgical  operation can affect only the digestion of 
5. starch B. starch, protein and fats 
6. oils and fats D. proteins 
7. carbohydrate and fats. 
8. The parts used by tapeworm to fasten itself to the  host’s intestine are the 
9. neck and suckers B. hooks and suckers 
10. rostellum and suckers 
11. young proglottis and neck E. rostellum,  

hooks and suckers. 

Use Fig 2 to answer questions 24 – 25 

Fig 2. transverse section of a fowl’s egg 

24. The young chick is formed from 
25. 3 B. 3 and 4 C. 1,3 and5 D. 2 E. 4 
26. Which parts provide food forthe developing chick? A. 2 and 3 B. 4 and C. 3 and 4 
27. 2 and 5 E. 1 and 2 
28. Which of the following types of vertebrate occur  in equal numbers in the rabbit, rat and man? 
29. Caudal B. Thoracic C. Lumbar 
30. Cervical E. Sacral 
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true of  the piliferous layer of a root?It 
32. has a very thin cuticle B. is the outermost  layer of the cortex C. may bear root hairs 
33. breaks down as the root ages 
34. is replaced by cork inold roots. 
35. A flowering plant is monoecious if 
36. the androeciumisfoundon oneplant 
37. thegynoeciumismonocarpous 
38. it producesessential organs D. the gynoecium  and androeciumareon thesameplant 
39. theflowers areunisexual
40. How many nuclei are found in a pollen tube during  fertilization? 
41. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6 E. 7 
42. Which ofthe following isNOT a wasteproduct ofplants? A. Tannis B. Oxygen C. Carbondioxide D. Sap E. Alkaloids 
43. If an animal is very active and hasgood muscular  control, it islikely to have well-developed 
44. olfactory lobes B. cerebralhemispheres 
45. optic lobes D. cerebellum E. spinal cord 
46. Which of the following adaptations is NOT concerned with the flight ofbirds? 
47. Streamlined shape B. Presence of powerful muscles C. Reduced body weight D. Broad sternum 
48. Webbed feet. 
49. The transectmethod can be used in ecologyto showthe A. numberofplantsandanimalsin a habitant 
50. population of a plantspecies 
51. distributionoforganismsalongaline 
52. heightsoftreesin a section of a forest 
53. number ofyoung plants across a forest. 
54. Asexual reproduction does NOT occur in A. Mucor, Spirogyra and Paramecium 
55. Penicillium, Paramecium andAmoeba 
56. Mucor, Rhizopus andpenicillium 
57. Amoeba, spirogyra and Mucor 
58. Rhizopus, Ascaris and Amoeba. 
59. Fehling’ssolution will readily change colour from  blue to a reddish colour when it is 
60. mixedwithsugarsolutionin thecold 
61. warmedorheatedbyitself 
62. mixedwithreducingsugarin thecold 
63. warmedorheatedwitha complexsolution 
64. warmedwitha solution ofreducingsugar. 
65. Normally the flowof blood is NEVERfrom A. arteryto arterioles B.arterioles to capillaries 
66. capillaries to venules D. arterioles to the artery E. venules to the vein 
67. Heat produced in tissue respiration in plants is A. a chemicalfromofenergy B. theonlyformofenergy C. the main form ofenergy D. a useful form of energy E. a waste from of energy. 
68. The axial skeleton of a mammal does notinclude  the bones of the 
69. skull B. tail C. limbs D. back E. neck. 
70. Which of the following sequences represents the  process of blood clotting? 1. Fibrin forms a network of  threads 2Red bloodcellsare caught and a clotisformed 3. Fibrinogen in plasma changes into solube fibrin 4.  Blood is exposed to air. 
71. 4,3,2,1 B. 4,3,1,2 C. 3,1,4,2 D. 1,2,3,4 
72. 3,1,2,4. 
73. Green plants are important in the ecosystem  because they are 
74. primary consumers B. producers 
75. decomposers D. secondary consumers 
76. scavengers. 
77. An anenometer is an instrument formeasuring A. relative humidity B. altitude C. wind speed D. turbidity E. salinity. 
78. Which of the following is NOT regarded as a  pollutant on land or in the air? 
79. Noise B. Smoke C. Sulphur dioxide 
80. Carbon monoxide E. Nitrogen 
81. Which of the following groups of factors is  completely abiotic? 
82. salinity, tide, plankton, turbidity 
83. Temperature, pH, soil insect 
84. Wind, altitude, humidity,light 
85. Conifers, winds, pH,rainfall 
86. Soil, water, bacteria,salinity 
87. Which of the following lists of diseases, their  causes and transmission is CORRECT? 
88. Cholera,virus,severediarrhoea,infectedwater. 
89. Malaria,protozoan,high fever,contactwithinfected  person C. Syphilis, virus, veneral disease, sexual  

intercourse D. Smallpox,virus,skinwithblister,  close contact with infected person. E. Sleeping  

sickness, bacteria, tiredness, headaches and dozing,  tsetse flybite 

46. Erosion can be reduced along a slope by A. ridging across slope B. ridging up slope 
47. ridging down slope D. croprotation 
48. bush fallowing system. 
49. If a handful of soil is shaken with water and leftto  settle, the soil particles will settle from light to  heavy particles as follows: 
50. humus, clay, silt,sand,stones B. humus,  

silt, clay,sand,stones C. humus, clay silt,  

stones,sand D. humus, sand, silt, clay,stones 

1. clay, humus, silt, sand, stones. 
2. Denitrifying bacteria in nature liberate gaseous  nitrogen directlyfrom 
3. ammonium salts B. soil nitrates 
4. thunderstorms D. soilnitrites 
5. plant and animal proteins. 
6. Leaching is 
7. washingawayofhumusfromthesoilsurface 
8. reduction ofsoil aeration bypressure 
9. soilerosion bymeansotherthan rainfall 
10. lossoforganicmatter due toexposureto 

direct sunlight E. washing out of chalk and limestone  from upper layers of soil by heavy rains 

50. The process of soil erosion is usually from A. rill sheet gully B. gully rill sheet C. sheet gully rill D. sheet rill gully E. rill gully sheet
51. In Spirogyra, the pryrenoid 

Biology 1985 

12. A group ofsimilar cells performing the same  
13. excrete waste products B. is suspended by  cytoplasmic strands C. is mainly used for  

respiration D. usually containsstarch 

1. makes the plant slimly to touch. 
2. In which of the following groups of animalsare  flagella and ciliafound? 
3. Flatworms B. Annelids C, Coelenterates 
4. Protozoa E. Nematodes 
5. Which of the following is seed bearing? A. Mosses B. Whistling pine 
6. Algal filamentsD. Livewort 
7. Fern fronds. 
8. Each ofthe following is an arthropod EXCEPT the A. crab B. spider C. snail D.millipede 
9. cockroach 
10. In fish the sense organs which detect movements  in the water are located within the 
11. gills B. operculum C. nostrils D. medianfins E. lateral line. 
12. Euglena is an autotrophicorganismbecauseit A. has flagella B. has plant and animalfeatures C. is found in water D. can manufacture its food E. moves fast. 
13. Which of the following is NOTtrue of Mucor? It A. contains chlorophyll B. grows saprophytically C. bears spores in sporangium 
14. consists of hyphae 
15. reproduces by conjugation 
16. Byrophytes are different from flower because they A. live in moist habitats B. are small plants 
17. reproduce sexually and a sexually 
18. have small leaves 
19. have no vascular tissues. 
20. At what stage in the life history of a toad is its  mode of breathing similar to that of a fish? 
21. Tadpole stage B. External gillstage 
22. Adult stage D. Internal gill stage 
23. Larval stage. 
24. In lower plantslikemosses,the structurewhich performs  thefunctionsofrootsofhigher plantsis called 
25. root hairs B. rootlets C. hyphae 
26. rhizoids E. thalli. 
27. In an angiosperm leaf, the xylem is 
28. beside the phloem B. surrounded by the phloem C. above the phloem D. around the phloem 
29. in separate bundles from the phloem. 

function is 

1. an organ B. a system C. a tissue D. an organelle E. an enzyme. 
2. Which ofthe followingis common to a dicotyledonous  stem and a monocotyledonousroot? 
3. Medullary rays B. Central pith 
4. Wide cortex D. Narrow cortex 
5. Pericyclic fibres. 
6. Which of the following represents the sequence  of protein hydrolysis? 1.Polypeptides 2.Amino  acids 3. Proteins 4. Peptones 
7. 3⓪1⓪2⓪4 B. 3⓪2⓪4⓪1C. 3⓪4⓪2⓪1 D. 3⓪4⓪1⓪2 E. 3⓪1⓪4⓪2 
8. A food substance which produces red colouration  with Sudan III contains 
9. protein B. sugar C. starch 
10. cellulose E. fat. 
11. If calcium is deficient in food this may cause A. anaemia B. retarded growth 
12. sterility D. goitre E. beri-beri 
13. Partially digested food ready to leave the stomach  is referred to as 
14. chyme B. curd C. glycogen D. paste E. roughage 
15. The function of lymph nodes is to 
16. supply oxygen B. filter out bacteria 
17. form red blood D. supply amino acids 
18. supply simple sugars 
19. The vein which returns blood from the head and  armsto the heart is called 
20. aorta B. inferior vena cava C. superior vena cava D. pulmonaryvein E. pulmonary artery. 
21. Blood platelets are important because they A. are amoeboid and nucleated B. produce  

antitoxins C. produce antibodies 

1. digest harmful bacteria E. release thrombin  for blood clotting. 
2. If a child can receive blood from all donors, he  belongs to the blood group 
3. O B. A C. B D. AB E. AS. 
4. Which of the following events does NOT occur  during anaerobic respiration of glucose? 
5. Muscle cell produce lactic acid B. Carbon  dioxide is produced C. Milk bacteria produce  lactic acid D. Energy is not produced 
6. Germinating seeds produce alcohol.
7. Identifywhich ofthefollowingare characteristics of thevertebraterespiratorysurface1. Moist2.Vascularized 3. Semipermeable 4. Freelypermeable 5. Dry 
8. 1,2,3 B. 1,2,5 C. 2,3,5 D. 2,4,5 E. 1,3,5. 
9. In mammals,thefunctionofthesebaceousgland isto A. produce sweat B. secrete sodium 
10. secrete water D. produce an oily substance E. manufacture vitamin D for the skin. 
11. Which of the following organs regulates the  amount of amino acids and glucose in the body? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen 
12. Stomach. 

Use thediagrambelow to answer questions 26 and27 Fig. 1 

26. Bowman’s capsules are locatedin the part labelled  A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 F. 6 
27. Re-absorption of useful materials takes place in  the partslabeled. 
28. 1 and 3 B. 3 and 5 C. 5 and 6 D. 6 and 7 E. 2 and 4 
29. Movements and positions of the head in man are  detected by the 
30. cochlea B. malleus C. utriculus D. semicircular canals E. outer 
31. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the A. limbs B. skull and limbs C. phalanges 
32. ulna and radius E. girdles and limbs. 
33. The maize grain is a fruit and not a seed because it A. has alargeendosperm B. isformedfroman ovary C. is a monocotyledon D. has no plumule and radicle E. has a hypogeal germination. 
34. If a flower is protandrous then it 
35. must be unisexual B. has an undeveloped 

anroecium C. has no anroecium D. must  

be insect pollinated E. can prevent self 

pollination. 

32. For pollen to be released in Crotalaria the insect  must depress the 
33. wing B. keel C. standard D. antepetalous  stamen E. antesepalousstamen. 
34. Irish potato is a 
35. bulb B. tap root C. rhizome D. roottuber 
36. stem tuber. 
37. Thecharactersbywhich an organism isrecognizedare  termedits 
38. phenotype B. genotype 
39. morphology D. anatomy E. physiology. 
40. The hereditarymaterial in a cell is known as A. ADP B. CNS C. RNA D. ATP E. DNA. 
41. A young plant showing yellow leaves is likely to  be deficient in 
42. calcium B. magnesium C. potassium 
43. boron E. molybdenum. 
44. Germination which results in the cotyledons being  brought above ground is called 
45. hypocotyls B. epicotyl C. epigeal 
46. hypogeal E. plumule. 
47. Themammalian endocrinesystemisresponsiblefor A. transmitting impulses B. regulating body  

temperature C. regulating osmotic pressure ofblood D. chemical co-ordination E. the manufacture of  blood. 

39. An old man is likely to be long-sighted because  age effects the 
40. optic nerves B. retina C. ciliary muscles D. cornea E. aqueoushumour. 
41. In amammal,stimulusistransferredfromthereceptor  muscle to the central nervous system throughthe 
42. motor neurons B. effectormuscles 
43. dendrites D. sensory neurons E. synapses. 
44. A relationship between living organisms which is  of mutual benefitis 
45. parasitism B. saprophytism C. ecosystem 
46. symbiosis E. commensalisms. 
47. Which of the following food chains is in thecorrect  sequence? 
48. Weeds Tadpoles Beetles Fish Man B. Weeds Tadpoles Fish Beetles Man. C.Tadpoles Beetles Weeds Man Fish
49. Man Fish Beetles Tadpoles Weeds
50. Fish Beetles Tadpoles Weeds Tadpoles. 
51. The primary and secondary hosts respectively of  bilharzia are 
52. fishandman B. man anddog C. snail and man D. man and snail E. fish and snail 
53. Which ofthe following isNOTcausedbybacteria? A. Cholera B. Gonorrhoea C. Tuberculosis 
54. Onchocerciasis E. Typhoid. 
55. Tsetse fly is harmful to man because it is associated  with the spread of 
56. river blindness B. malaria C. sleepingsickness 
57. leprosy E. dysentery.
58. Soil erosion CANNOT be controlled by A. planting cover crops B. contouring of sloping ground C. terracing ofslopes D. laying ofmulch E. burning of bush 
59. Waterretention ishighestin soilswhich are rich in A. sand, poor in humus and devoid of clay B. clay and sand, but poor in humus 
60. clay and humus, but poor in sand 
61. clay, poor in humus and devoid of sand 
62. Sand and humus, but poor in clay 
63. The origin of mineral particles in the soil is A. humus B. water C. micro-organisms D. weathered rock E. organic matter 
64. Atmospheric nitrogen is directly replenished in  nature through 
65. the activities of denitrifying bacteria 
66. the breakdown of ammonium saltsin the soil C. the activities of nitrifying bacteria 
67. theactivitiesofnitrogen-fixing bacteriain rootnodules E. egestion, death and decay 
68. The initial volume of water poured into a bag of  dry soil was 50ml and the amount that drained  through was 35ml. The percentage water content  of the fully soaked soil istherefore 
69. 46.7 B. 25.0 C. 20.0 D. 30.0 E. 58.3. 
    

Biology 1986 

1. Viruses are regarded as non-living because they A. can neither reproduce asexually nor sexually B. cannot survive in their respective environments C. do not possess characteristics to the next 
2. can neither respire nor excrete. 
3. Which of the following pairs are fully adapted to  terrestrial life? 
4. Ferns and algae B. Ferns and mosses 
5. Bryophyte and flowering plants. 
6. Flowering plants and conifers. 
7. Which of these animalsis radically symmetrical? A. Squid B. Hydra C. Snail D. Cockroach. 
8. Which of the following has cones? 
9. Angiosperm B. Gymnosperm C. Pteridophyte D. Bryophyte . 
10. For effective functioning of a bird’s quill feather,  hooks fit on the ridges of the 
11. vane B. rachis C. barbules D. barbs. 
12. Which of the following is NOT true of Spirogyra? A. Reproduces by conjugation B. Reproduces by  fragmentation C. Consists ofbranchedfilaments 
13. Consists of unbranched filaments 
14. Which of the following lacks chaetae, tentacles  and antennae? 
15. Snail B. Crab C. Millipede D.Earthworm. 
16. Incomplete metamorphosis inthe 
17. butterfly B. grasshopper C. mosquito 
18. housefly 
19. Fishes are cold-blooded because their body  temperature is 
20. constantly low B. constantly high 
21. dependent on that of their surroundings 
22. regulated at will 
23. When the original king and queen of termitesdie,  they are replaced by 
24. the king and queen of another colony 
25. some adultreproductivesfromthesamecolony C. someadultworkerswhicharespeciallyfedtobreed. D.Developing nymphs nurtured as secondary  

reproductives. 

11. Themalecockroachdiffersfromthefemalebyhaving 
12. mandibles B. a pair of styles C. spiracles 
13. a pair of cerci. 
14. The fins making up the limbs of the bony fish are A. caudal and ventral B. ventral and pelvic 
15. pelvic and pectoral D. pectoral and dorsal. 
16. The stem differs from the root in having the xylem  and phloem strands 
17. on the same radii B. scattered C. on alternate radii D. towards the pith. 
18. Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis has been  demonstrated to comefrom 
19. carbon dioxide B. air C. water D. chlorophyll. 
20. Which of these is a trace element? 
21. Iron B. Copper C. Calcium D. Sulphur. 
22. The main organic substances found in the human  body are 
23. carbohydrates, proteins and salts B. salts,  fats and proteins C. fats, carbohydrates and  

proteins D. salts, fats and carbohydrates. 

17. Which of the following elements is essential for  the formation ofhaemoglobin? 
18. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Iron. 
19. The severe deficiency of vitamin C leadsto A. kwashiorkor B. beriberi C. pellagra D. scurvy
20. In addition to the high calories derived from fats  and oils, they are 
21. used in producing newcells B. necessary for enzyme  formation C. used as insulators fromcold 
22. required for growth 
23. The extract from a food substance reacting with  sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate solutions  will produce violet to purple coloration if 
24. fats are present B. carbohydrate is present 
25. protein is present D. reducing sugar is present. 
26. The three important organs that are situated close  to the stomach are 
27. kidney, liver and gall bladder B. pancreas, liver and  kidney C. liver, kidneyand spleen D. gall bladder,  pancreas andspleen. 
28. Evidence that a tooth is a living part of the  mammalian body can be found withinthe 
29. gum B. pulp cavity C. cement D. enamel. 
30. Blood circulation in a mammal issaid to be double  because 
31. it passes twice through the heart in the complete  circuit B. it moves in both arteries and veins 
32. it circulates in both the heart and other organs D. the heart contains auricles and ventricles 
33. Which isthecorrect orderofwaterlossfromthe leaf? 1 Mesophyll 2 Veins 3 Substomatal cavity4 Stomata A. 3 2 1 4 B. 2 3 1 4 C. 2 1 3 4 D. 1 2 3 4. 
34. The aperture between the left auricle and the left  ventricle is guarded by the 
35. auricular valve B. tricuspid valve 
36. ventricular valve D. bicuspid valve. 
37. A major limitation in the use of the potometer for  measuring the rate of transpiration isthat 
38. itismadeofbreakableglassmaterial 
39. itmeasurestherate ofwaterintake 

C.it measuresthe rateofwaterlossthrough the stem  only D. the movement of the air bubble in the  

potometer cannot betimedaccurately. 

27. Which of the following statements is not correct  with respect to inhalation in mammals? 
28. intercostal muscles contract B. diaphragm israised C. ribs are raised D. pressure of the thoracic cavity  decreases. 
29. The equation that can be used to summarize the  process of anaerobic breakdown of sugar is 
30. C6H12O6+2C2H5OH +2CO2
31. 6CO2 + 6H2O ’! C6H12O6 + 6O2
32. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ’! 6CO2 + 6H2O+energy 
33. C6H12O6 ’! 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 +energy. 
34. If a person is bitten by a snake on the leg, it is  advisable for the person 
35. keep moving so that the venom will ooze out with  bleeding B. wash the wound with water containing  antiseptic C. bandage the wound so that germs do  not get in through it D. keep still and apply a  

tourniquet above thewound. 

30. Deamination occurs in the 
31. kidney B. pancreas C. spleen D. liver. 
32. In the mammalian skin, melanin and keratin are  contained in the 
33. sebaceous gland B. sweat gland 
34. subcutaneous layer D. malpighianlayer. 
35. Two main distinguishing features of the cervical  vertebra are the presence of 
36. short neural spine and vertebraterial canal B. prezygapophysis and cervicalribs 
37. large centrum and cervical ribs 
38. vertebraterial canal and large centrum 
39. Nastic movement is 
40. response to light stimulus B. non-directional C. directional D. response to internal stimulus 

Use the figure below to answer questions 34 to 36

Vertical section of a maize grain 

34. Which of the labelled parts will develop into a  new maizeplant? 
35. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5. 
36. The structure labelled 1 isthe 
37. plumule B. radicle C. cell membrane 
38. seed coat 
39. The main function of the structure labelled 2 is to A. protect the inner parts of the seed 
40. nourish the embryo and the growing parts C. keep theinner parts moist 
41. maintain the shape of theseed. 
42. Gestation in mammals isthe period 
43. required for growth after birth 
44. between the formation of the foetus and birth C. of development from zygote to birth 
45. before theformation of the zygote. 
46. If a woman who is a carrier ofsickle cell trait (AS)  married a man who is a sickler (SS) and they had  four children how many of them would benormal A. Three B. Two C. One D. None
47. Which of the following is an example of  discontinuous variation? 
48. Skin coloration B. Left-handedness C. Body weight D. Height 
49. The hormone which regulates the amount of  glucose in the blood is called 
50. adrenalin B. auxin C. insulin 
51. thyroxine. 
52. An instrument that can be used to demonstrate  phototropism and geotropism in plants is the 
53. auxanometer B. potometer C. klinostat 
54. photometer. 
55. In an ecosystem, animals which feed directly on  plants are called 
56. secondary consumers B. primary consumers C. producers D. predators 
57. In an agricultural ecosystem, the biotic component  consists of 
58. crops, pest and beneficial insects B. crops,  temperature and humidity C. pests, beneficial  insects and water D. crops, water and soil. 
59. Which of these diseases CANNOT be prevented  byimmunization? 
60. Poliomyelitis. B. Tuberculosis 
61. Cholera D. Onchocerciasis 
62. Which of the following ecological factors are  common to both terrestrial and aquatic habitats? A. Rainfall, temperature, light and wind 
63. Salinity, rainfall temperature and light 
64. Tides, wind, rainfall and altitude 
65. Ph,salinity,rainfall and humidity 
66. In a community,bacteriaandfungiarereferredtoas A. producers B. decomposers C. scavengers D. consumers 
67. The swollen shoot disease of cocoa tree is caused by a A. virus B. fungus C. bacterium D. protozoan 
68. A large percentage of tropical soils tend to be  acidic because they 
69. contain large quantities of potash B. contain large  quantities of lime C. lose a high proportion of their  organic matter torunning water D. lose lime and  

potash fromthe top soilthrough rain action 

49. Thefollowingaremethodsofsoil conservationEXCEPT A. contour terracing B. strip cropping 
50. contour ploughing D. mixed grazing 
51. Samples of different soil types are packed in glass  tubes whose lower ends are plugged with cotton  wool. If these tubes are suspended in a trough of  water, water will rise highest after a few hoursin A. sand B. loam C. clay D. humus. 
    

Biology 1987 

1. The function of endoplasmic reticulum is A. protein synthesis B. intracellular transportof materials C. digestion and destruction of foreign bodies D. production of energy from glucose. 
2. Which of the following features of Euglena is  found only inanimals? 

A.Paramylumgranules.B.FlagellumC.Pellicle 

D.Pyrenoid. 

3. An organism found on a bare rock surface has  features of algae and fungi. The organism is 
4. an empiphyte B. a lichen C. a bryophyte D. a fern. 
5. In a plant exhibiting alternation of generations,  the diploid multicelluar stage is known as 
6. gametophyte B. spermatophyte C. holophyte D. sporophyte. 
7. A characteristic that distinguishes bryophytes  from flowering plants isthe 
8. possession of true stems and leaves B. ability  to reproduce asexually C. absence of vascular  tissues D. ability to grow in moist habitats. 
9. A good example of a diploblastic organism is A. Amoeba B. Hydra C.Earthworm D.Roundworm. 
10. Thefunction oftheclitellumin theearthwormisto A. aid digestion B. prevent desiccation C. assist  locomotion D. secrete cocoon. 
11. The crayfish is an arthropod because 
12. its body consists of a cephalothorax and an abdomen B. it has a pair each of antennaeand antennules 
13. everysegment ofits bodycarries a pair of appendages D. its bodyis covered with an exoskeleton made of  chitin. 
14. The hypha of Rhizopus is said to be coenocytic  because it 

A does not contain chlorophyll B. has no cross walls C. is vacuolated D. stores oil globules. 

10. In most true ferns sporangia are grouped into A. indusium B. fondsC. prothalli D. sari.
11. In the reproduction of mosses, water is essential because A. they live in moist habitats B. they cannot  reproduce without water C. the male gametes  must swim to fertilize the ovum D. they  

produce spores. 

12. In tapeworm, the two structures that run through  the length of the body are the 
13. nerve cord and the excretory duct B. sperm duct  and the nervecord C. genital pore and the excretory duct D. spermduct and thegenital pore. 
14. Which ofthefollowingisNOTa characteristicofsnails? A. Bilaleral symmetry B. Chitinousexoskeleton 
15. Muscular foot D. Soft unsegmented body in a mantle. 
16. In the life history of a butterfly, destruction of  crops is caused by the 
17. maggot B. nymph C. caterpillar D. pupa. 
18. The correct sequence of tissues in the anatomy  of a young dicotlydonous stem from the inside to  the outside is 
19. pith, phloem, cambium, xylem, parenchyma,  

collencyma and epidermis B. xylem, phloem,  

cambium, cortex, endodermis, collenchyma and  

epidermis C. pith, xylem, cambium, phloem,  

collenchyma,parenchyma andepidermis 

1. phloem, xylem, cambium, cortex, endodermis,  

collenchyma and epidermis. 

16. Secondary thickening is initiated in a  dicotyledonous stem by the 
17. xylem parenchyma B. secondary phloem C. endodermis D. cambium. 
18. One cubic centimeter of lymph isricher than an  equal volume of blood 
19. erythrocytes B. leucocytes C. amino acid 
20. glucose. 
21. The oxidative part of the respiration process takes  place in the 
22. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. endoplasmic  reticulum D. golgilbodies. 
23. Fatigue of leg muscles may occur after ridingmany  kilometers on a bicycle because of 
24. insufficient glucose B. excess carbondioxide C. excess protein D. insufficient oxygen. 
25. The function of the loop of Henle is to A.increase theflow of urine B. concentrate amino  acids in the kidney tissue C. concentrates sodium  

chlorideinthemedullaofthekidney 

1. increasethe volume of urine. 

Usethe informationinthegraphbelowto  

answerquestion25 and26 

25. Which of the plants is likely to have broad leaves  with thin cuticle? 
26. B.S C.T D.U 
    
27. In demonstrating the importance of mineral elements in 26. Which of the plants islikely to be a desertspecies? the plants, the culture bottle must be darkened to A. U B.T C.S D. R. A. prevent algal growth in culture solution 
    
28. allowroot growth C. prevent breakdown of mineral  elements D. prevent photosynthesis in the root. 
29. The vitamin which isimportant in the formation of  the retina pigmentsis 
30. vitaminA B. vitamin B C. vitaminC D. vitamin D. 
31. Which of the following lists of organs is directly  involved in nutrition? 
32. Oesophagus, bronchus, stomach, pancreas and  anus B. Spleen, pharynx, duodenum, jejunum and  rectum, C. Teeth, oesophagus, ileum lungs and  

largeintestine, D. Salivarygland, liver, stomach,  villi andcolon. 

20. In the standard experiment to show that oxygen is  given off during photosynthesis, sodium  

bicarbonate is used to 

1. neutralize theacidin waterB.supplymineralsaltsto  water plant, C. supply carbondioxide for  

photosynthesis D. Kill micro-organism in water. 

27. Sclerenchyma cells are lignified to 
28. strengthen and support the plant B. transport  synthesized food C. conduct water and salt 
29. protect the plant from injury. 
30. The pineapple fruit is best described as A. aggregate, succulent and indehiscent 
31. aggregate, succulent and indehiscent 
32. multiple, succulent and indehiscent 
33. multiple, succulent and dehiscent. 
34. The flower shown above is 

A.complete,regular,hermaphroditic withinferiorovary B.incomplete,regular,staminatewithinferiorovary C.complete regular,hermaphroditicwithinferiorovary D.incomplete,irregular,pistillatewithsuperiorovary.

30. A flower showing radial symmetry issaid to be A. pentamerous B. protandrous C. protogynous D. actinomorphic. 
31. A samara differs from a cypsela by having A. an exended pericarp B. a hard pericarp 
32. a pericarp fused with the seed coat 
33. some hairy outgrowths on the pericarp. 
34. The plantain reproduces asexually by A. suckers B. buds C. fragments D. spores. 
35. Growth can best be determined in a population of  Spirogyra by measuring the 
36. total lengths of the filaments B. total widths of  the filaments C. rate of photosynthesis in the  population D. dry weight of the organism. 
37. Most cells in higher animals retain their power of  divisionEXCEPT
38. lymphocytes B. nerve cells C. malpighiancells D. germ cells. 
39. A severe deficiency of thyroxin results in A. diabetes mellitus B. sexual underdevelopment C. cretinism D. gigantism. 
40. The growth of a coleoptile towards unilateral  light source is due to 
41. rapid rate of photosynthesis B. unequal  distribution of auxin C. the effect of geotropism D. the effect of photolysis. 
42. The sequenceof ear ossiclesfrom the fenestraovalisis A.malleus, incus and stapes B. malleus, stapes and  incus C.stapes,incus andmallcusD.stapes,malleus  andincus. 
43. The centre for controlling body temperature in  the brain isthe 
44. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. medulla 
45. hypothalamus. 
46. Unlike auxins,gibberellins 
47. induce the formation of adventitious roots B. do not affect leaf and fruit abscission 
48. cannot stimulate stem elongation 
49. are quite effective asherbicides. 
50. A gene which expresses itself only in the  homozygous condition is 
51. a mutant B. dominant C. recessive D. lethal. 
52. An example ofmonohybrid inheritance in man is A. astigmatism B. cretinism C. hyperthyroidism D. albinism. 
53. If a plant, homozygous for round and yellow  (RR;YY), is crossed with a wrinkled green type  (rr;yy) all of the resulting seed will be 
54. blue and wrinkled B. round andyellow 
55. wrinkled and yellow D. round and greenish-yellow. 
56. The ratio of carriers to sicklers in the F1 generation  derived from a parental cross of two carriers of  haemoglobin S gene is 

A.3:1 B.1:3 C.2:1 D.1:2 

44. In which of the following crosses will all the  female offspring be colourblind? 
45. colour blind mother x colour blind father. 
46. colour blind mother x normal father 
47. carrier mother x colour blind father.  

D carrier mother x normal father. 

45. Which of the following relates to edaphic factors? A. The structure of the earth’s surface B. The  influence of living organisms on each other. 
46. Temperature, rainfall and humidity 
47. The influence of soils on plants and animals. 
48. Epiphytes growing on the branches of trees  provide an example of the relationship known as A. parasitism B. commensalisms C. aprophytism D. holophytism. 
49. Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by A. virus B. protozoan C. bacterium D. fungus. 

48 One ofthe functions of UNICEF is to A. prevent and control major diseases B. prevent  disease outbreak by administering vaccines 

1. improve the health and nutrition of children  and nursing mothers D. monitor environment  pollution. 

. 

49. Nitrifying bacteria are important because they A. release nitrogen tothe atmosphere B. convert  Atmosphere nitrogen to ammonia C. combine  

ammoniawith nitrogenD.oxidizeammoniumsaltsto  nitrates. 

50. The process by which lime is added to clay soilsis  known as 
51. sedimentation B. flocculation C.leaching D.manuring
52. The function of ribosomes in cellsis A. protein synthesis B. starch synthesis C. transport of materials D. lipid storage. 

Biology 1988 

11. Which stage isfound in themuscleof an infected pig?  
12. 3 B.4 C.5 D.6 
13. The long and coiled intestine of a young tadpole is  
14. Which of the following structures is common to  Euglena, white blood cell and Amoeba? 
15. Vacuole B. Cell wall C. Cilia D. Cell membrane. 
16. The term ‘Thallophyta’ refersto 
17. ferns and mosses B. algae and fungi C. mosses and  liverworts D. fungi and ferns. 
18. The following organisms arehermaphroditesEXCEPT A. snail B. taenia C. schistosoma D. earthworm. 
19. Parasitic forms are NOT found among 
20. platyhelminthes B. nematodes C. moluscs 
21. annelids. 
22. Which of the following sets of organism represents  the correct trend from simple to complex structural  organization? 1 Mollusca 2 Platyhelminthes 3  

Nematoda 4 Protozoa 

1. 4 1 2 3 B. 4 3 2 1
2. 4 2 1 3 D. 4 2 3 1.
3. Spirogyra, Euglena and Chlamydomonas share many  characteristics EXCEPT 
4. nutrition B. reproduction C. mobility 
5. irritability. 
6. The prothallus of a fern is equivalent to the  gemaetophyte generation of a moss because it 
7. is inconspicuous B. has rhizoids C. bears sexual  organs D. ismulticellular. 
8. What is the function of trichocyst in Paramecium? A. Movement B. Defence C. Excretion D. Reproduction. 

Use the diagram below to answer quetions 10 and 11 10. At which stage in this cycle can man be infected?  A. 2 B.4 C.5 D.6. 

an adaptation to its 

1. herbivorous diet B. carnivorous diet C. aquatic  habitat D. insectivorous habit. 
2. Lung hooks are used for respiration in 
3. spiders B. insects C. millipedes D. snails. 
4. Insects and millipede have many features in common EXCEPT
5. exoskeleton B. jointed, appendages 
6. Compound eyes D. segmented body 
7. The major function of the swim-bladder in fishesis A. breathing B. buoyancy C. swimming D. diving 
8. Which of the following statement gives the BEST description of bark? 
9. Tissues outside the vascular cambium 
10. Cork-like tissues found only in stems C. Brown  tissues never found in primary growth 
11. Cork-like tissues of old trees. 
12. In the transverse section of the leaf of maize vascular  bundles are arrangedin 
13. a row B. one circle C. alternate positions D. two circles. 
14. If an animal has diastema, it would NOT possess A. incisors B. cannines C. premolars D. molars 
15. If the gall bladder of a mammal is damaged, which of  the following will be most seriouslyaffected? 
16. Glycolysis B. Digestion of starch C. Digestion of fats and  oils D. Digestion of proteins. 
17. Which of the following will be first digested if  ingested at the same time? 
18. Cooked beans B. Cooked rice C. Cod liver oil D. Roasted beef. 
19. If the phloem of a healthy plant is killed by heat  treatment the 
20. upward movement of salts will cease B. food manufacture  in the leaves will accumulate C. whole plant will die  immediately D. leaves of the plant will become yellow. 
21. In the mammalian respiratory system, exchangeof  gases occurs in the 
22. lungs B. bronchi C. bronchioles D. alveoli. 
23. The main waste products formed in plant are A. alkaloids, tannins and resins B. water, alkaloids and carbondioxide C. water, carbondioxide and oxygen.
24. In the kidney the malpighian corpuscle is located in  the 

A medulla B. helium C. cortex D. pelvis. 

25. The skin, through the sweat glads, functions as  A an excretory organ B. a respiratory organ C. a sensory  organ D. a protective organ. 
26. Parenchyma cells serve as supporting tissue when  they A. contain chloroplasts B. have crystals C. become  flaccid D. becometurgid. 
27. Taxism differs from tropismbecause 
28. the whole organism is affected B. it is a directional  movement C. it is a response to multi-directional stimuli D.  part of the organism is affected. 
29. A dry dehiscent fruit which breaks up into one  seeded parts is a 
30. schizocarp B. capsule C. follicle D.legume. 
31. Airspaces are characteristic ofseeds or fruits dispersed A. birds B. water C. wind D. explosivemechanism. 
32. In vegetative propagation, which of the following  requires part of another plant to develop? 
33. Scion B. Bulb C. Rhizome D. Sucker 
34. Which of these plant groups are normally  propagated by asexual means? 

A Banana, yam, pineapple and cassava B. Yam,  cassava , rubber and banana C. Yam, cassava,  

orange and banana, D. Banana, cassava, coffee  and pineapple. 

32. In a mammal, the placenta performs functionssimilar  to those of the 

A.lungs, kidneys and digestive system B. lungs,  heart and nervous system C. liver, intestines and  reproductive system D. intestines, heart and  

digestive system. 

33. The radicle of a bean seedling grows most rapidly in  the region 
34. of the root tip B. just above the root tip C. just  around the root tip D. just below the root tip. 
35. The main function of the choroid is 
36. protection of the eye ball B. transmission of light C. supply of nutrients to tissues of the eye 
37. converging light. 
38. What part of the central nervous system is  concerned with answering an examination question? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Spinal cord. 
39. Ifa dark-skinned woman (Bb) marries an albino man  (bb) and they have four children, how many of the  children will be dark-skinned? 
40. 3 B. 2 C.1 D.0. 
41. A red – coloured flower when crossed with a white coloured one produced pink flowers. This is an  example of 
42. complete dominance B. blending inheritance C. interaction of genes D. back crossing. 
43. The turbidity of a pond can be measured using the A. anaemometer B. secchi disc C. theodolite 
44. hydrometer. 
45. The most important substances necessary for the  maintenance of life are carbon , oxygen 

A.hydrogen , soil and enzymes B. hydrogen, salt  and water C. nitrogen, salt and soil 

1. nitrogen, salt and water. 
2. If an organism obtains its food by means of  haustoria, it is said to be 
3. holophytic B. heterophytic C. Saprophytic 
4. Parasitic. 
5. Which of the following relationship involves only  one organism? 
6. Saprophytism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. Symbiosis. 
7. Which of the following has the greatest influence  on the distribution of animals in marine and fresh  water habitats? 
8. pH. B. Salinity C. Water current D. Turbidity 
9. Which of these groups of animals is likely to be  found in fresh water? 
10. Blood worm, pond skater and scorpion B. Blood  worm, pond skater and dragonfly larva C. Pond  skates scorpion and dragonfly larva. D. Pondskater,  blood worm andant-lion. 
11. Oneofthe characteristicsofplant in the savanna isthe A.possession of thin, smooth barks B. possession  of large tap roots C. production of seedlings on  mother plant D. possession of thick, flaky barks. 
12. Which of the following disease can be contracted  areas with fast flowing rivers? 
13. Schistosomiasis B. Elephantiasis C. Syphilis D. Onchocerciasis. 
14. Which of the following causes pollution? A.Consumption of canned drinks. B. The addition of  fertilizer to farmland C. Respiration of living  

organisms D. Burning ofrefuse. 

47. The mineral nutrient that is most bound to the soil is A. phosphorus B. calcium C. iron D. potassium. 
48. The mineral nutrient that easily gets leached out of  the soil is 
49. phosphorus B. calcium C. magnesium D.nitrate.
50. Most commercial fertilizers are rich in salts of A.Sodium,iron andcalcium B. nitrogen,phosphorusand  potassium C. iron, copper and nitrogen D. calcium,  sodium and phosphorus. 
51. Dead plants and animals are decomposed by bacteria  and fungi into 
52. butterfly B. grasshopper C. mosquito D.housefly. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 1 to 3

1. The structure labelled 5 isthe 

Biology 1989 

10. Which of the following is a common characteristic  of crustaceans? 
11. Possession of a pair of antennae 
12. Possession of two pairs of antennae. 

C Each segmenthas apair ofwalkinglegs 

1. Four pairsofwalking legson the  

cephalothorax. 

11. The pedipalpi in spiders are usedfor 
12. grasping B.Walking C. feeling D. Web spinning. 
13. The body of a snail is divided into head 
14. thorax and abdomen B. visceral massand 
15. neucleolus B. Golgi body C. mitochondrion vacuole 
16. Which of the labelled parts of the cell contains  ribonucleic acid? 
17. 1 B. 2 C.3 D.5 
18. Which structure is known as the power house of  the cell? 
19. 6 B.5 C.4 D. 3 
20. When a virus is placed in a non-living medium it A. becomes dehydrated B. forms spores 
21. forms flagella D. becomes crystallized. 
22. A characteristic of the phylum coelenterate is that A. most of them are marine B. they possess a gut  with a single opening C. they possess  

numerous pores on their body D. they are  

bilaterally symmetrical. 

6. A multinucleate body without internal cell  boundaries is characteristic of 
7. bryophytes B. fungi C. algae D. gymnosperms. 
8. Double fertilization is a unique feature of A. angiosperms B. bryophytes C. pteridophytes D. algae. 
9. Which of the following phyla have members with  both internal and externalsegmentation? 
10. Platyhelminthes B. Nematoda C. Algae 
11. Mollusca 
12. Mineral salts can be absorbed into the roots by A. osmosis only B. osmosis and diffusion 
13. diffusion and active transport D. imbibition only. 

abdomen C. thorax and foot D. visceral mass and foot. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 13 to 14

13. Which of the labelled parts is used for feeling? A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 
14. The structure labelled 2 is the 
15. compound eye B. ocellus C. antenna D. labialpalp. 
16. In a dicotyledonous stem, each companiosn cells  is found beside the 
17. endodermal cell B. xylem vessel 
18. sieve tube D. pericyclicfibre. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 16 to 17 16. Which of the structure’s is the molar? 

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 

17. What is the function of 3? 
18. Cutting off large pieces offood. 
19. Seizure and tearing of prey 
20. Grinding of food D. Tearing of flesh only
21. If a healthy potted plant is continuously kept in  dim oflight 

A.the rate of respiration may equal that of  

photosynthesis B. more carbon dioxide and  

water are taken in C. respiration may behalted D. the volume of oxygen released increases. 

19. The pancreatic juice contains the enzymes  amylopsin, 
20. pepsin and trypsinogen B. rennin and  

steapsin C. steapsin and trysinogen 

1. steapsin and ptyalin. 
2. Aged erythrocytes are destroyed in the A. pancreas B. liver C. lymph nodes D. kidney. 
3. The seedlings in a rice field were found to have  thin lanky growth with reddish leaves and poor  root development. This is because the soil lacks A. sulphur B. phosphorus C. potassium D.iron. 
4. There will be agglutination when the 
5. GroupA serummixeswithGroupAerythrocytes B. Group A serum mixes with Group Berythrocytes C. Group ABserummixeswithGroupOerythrocytes D. Group B serum mixes with Group B erythrocytes. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 24 to 26

23. Which of the following is the function of lymph? A. Carries hormones round the body B. Transport  nutrient and oxygen from blood, capillariesto 

the cells. C. Distributes heat uniformly round  

the body D. Conveys aminoacids and glucose  from the small intestine to the liver. 

24. The type of joint at the point labelled 5 isthe A. pivot joint B. gliding joint C. ball and socket D. hinge joint. 
25. Which of the labelled bones is the ulna?  A. 1 B.3 C.4 D.5 
26. What is the nameof the structure labelled 2? A. Odontoid process B. Olecranon B. Process C. Patella D. Condyle. 
27. Thelumbar vertebra when compared with a  thoracic vertebra has a 
28. longer neural spine B. wider neural canal 
29. thicker centrum D. shorter transverse process. 
30. Wind-pollinated flowers usually have A. rough pollen grains B. stickystigmas C. small  and short stigmas D. long styles. 
31. The components of castor oil seed and the maize  grain are similar EXCEPT forthe 
32. number of cotyledons B. location of the embryo 
33. number of radicles D. number of plumules. 
34. A corm differsfrom a bulb in that 
35. its stem is the main food storage organ 
36. it has a flattened disc-shaped stem 
37. buds are absent in the axils of the leaves 
38. adventitious roots are present 
39. Exponential increase in the population of an  organism is a characteristic feature of 
40. binary fission B. sexualreproduction 
41. budding D. vegetative propagation. 
42. The irreversible life process by which new  protoplasm is added to increase the size and weight  of an organism can be termed 
43. anabolism B. catabolism C. growth 
44. development. 
45. Fruit enlargement can be induced by spraying  young ovary with 
46. cytokinin, abscisic acid and ethylene 
47. gibberellin, ethylene and abscisicacid 
48. auxin, abscisic acid and ethylene 
49. auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin. 
50. A fundamental similarity between nervous and  hormonal system is that both 
51. involve chemical transmission B. have  

widespread effects C. shed chemicals into the  blood stream D. evoke rapid responses. 

35. The region that controls most of the unconscious  processes of a mammalian bodyis the 
36. cerebellum B. cerebrum C. spinal cord 
37. medulla oblongata. 
38. During cell division,the two strands of chromosomes  arejoinedat apointcalled 
39. spindle B. chromatid C. centromere D. aster. 
40. When the two alleles present in an organism are  of the same type, the genotype is described as A. heterozygous B. heterogamous C. homozygous D. homologous. 
41. If parents with blood groups AB and OO produce  six children 
42. three of them will have groupB 
43. two of them will have group A 
44. all the offspring will h ave group O 
45. none ofthem will have group A. 
46. Which of the following is a sex-linked character? A. Sickle-cellanaemia B.Tonguerolling C.Skincolour D. Colour blindness
47. In an ecosystem, the LEAST efficientenergy  transfer link isfrom 
48. producers to primary consumers B. sun to  producers C. primary consumers to secondary  consumers D secondary consumers to  

decomposers. 

41. Lichen is an example of 
42. a saprophytic organism B. a symbiotic  

association C. an epiphytic plant 

1. a carnivorous plants. 
2. A physiological adaptation of plants to the  problem of excessive water loss is 
3. reduction in the number of stomata 
4. reversal of the normal stomatal rhythm 
5. possession of shallow roots 
6. possession of waxy cuticle. 
7. Which of the ways of controlling bilharzia can  result in pollution? 

A Clearing water weeds on which the snails feed. B. Treatinginfectedpeoplewith drugs 

1. Preventing contamination of water by infected  

urineand faeces D. Applyingchemical tokillthe  

snails. 

44. Which of the following diseases can be caused  by a bacterium? 
45. ringworm B. poliomyelitisC. malaria D. syphilis. 
46. Which of the following is a dangerous product of  coal buming? 
47. sulphur dioxide B. carbondioxide C. carbon D. nitrogen. 
48. 5g of oven dried soil was heated in a furnace for  24hours, after cooling, it weighed 4.8g what is the  amount of humus in the soil? 
49. 40.0g per 100g dry soil B.4.4g per 100g dry soil C. 4.0g per 100g dry soil D. 0.4g per 100g dry soil. 
50. Most irrigated lands often become unproductive  in later years because of 
51. loss of fertility B. increase in salinity C. soil  erosion D. loss ofwater 
52. Farmers practices crop rotation because it A. helps to prevent soil erosion B. allows two  crops to be planted at the same time 
53. helps to conserve soil fertility 
54. is an alternative to shifting cultivation 
55. In which of the habitant will the plants show  xeromorphic features most prominently? 

A.X B.R C.P D.Q 

50. Which ecological factor exerts the greatest  influence on the structure of the profiles? 
51. topographic B. edaphic C. biotic D.climatic. 
    

Biology 1990 

1. Viruses are considered to be living organisms  because they 
2. possesstransmittable characters B. movefrom  one place to another C. respond to stimulation 
3. ingest food materials 
4. Which ofthefollowing characteristicsis common to Amoeba and Paramecium? 
5. Oral groove B. Trichoyst C. Contractile vacuole D. Cilia 
6. Hydra removes undigested food by 
7. passing it through the anus B. passing it through  the mouth C. means of a contractile vacuole 
8. egesting it through the body surface. 
9. Which of the following groups of invertebrates  reproduces by budding 
10. Arthropoda B. Annelida C. Mollusca D. Coelenterata. 
11. The algae, bryophytes and pteriodophytes are  similar in thatthey 
12. are sea weeds B. have no vascular tissues C. require moisture for fertilization 
13. are microscopic plants. 
14. The spores of ferns are dispersed by A. wind B. water C. insects D. explosive  

mechanism.

7. In bryophytes, sex organs are produced in the A. gametophyte B. rhizoidC. protonema 
8. sporophyte 

Use the figure below to answer questions 8 and 9

8. The part labelled 3 isthe 

A.leafscarB.lenticel C. auxiliary bud D.girdlescar 

9. Which part of the twig produces auxins? A.4 B.3 C.2 D.1 
10. Which of the following animals has homodont  dentition? 
11. Rat B. Man C. Lizard D. Pigeon. 
12. In which of the following does external fertilization  take place? 
13. Toad B. Lizard C.Bird D.Cockroach. 
14. In the tapeworm, the suckers on the scolex are  used for 
15. sucking the blood of the host B. holding fast to the host C. reproduction D. locomotion 
16. A feature which adapts birds to flight is the  possession of 
17. scally legs B. light bones C. two walking legs D. a pointed beak. 
18. The nephridia in the earthworm form part ofthe A. reproductive system B. respiratory system.  C circulatory system D. excretory system. 
19. Which of the following diseases is rarely spread  by a housefly? 
20. Yellow fever B. Dysentery C. Typhoid fever D. Poliomyelitis 
21. Which of the following cellsis thin-walled and  living atmaturity? 
22. Collenchyma B. Sieve tube C. Xylem vessel D. Sclerenchyma. 
23. The mode of nutrition in which digestion is  extracelluar is 
24. holophytic B. parasitic C. holozoic 
25. saprophytic. 
26. The first step in the process of photosynthesis is the A. activation ofthe chlorophyll B. photolysis ofwater C. reduction of carbondioxide D. formation ofsugar. 
27. Which of the following food substances will produce a brick-red colour when warmed with Benedicts’ssolution A. Glucose B. Starch C. Egg white D. Maltose. 
28. The organ which secretes digestive enzymes as well  as hormone is the 
29. liver B. salivary gland C. pancreas D. spleen. 
30. The villus in the small intestine is significant because it A. increases the surface area for absorption 
31. increases the surface area for digestion C. assists  in mixing digested food D. assists in filtering  

undigested food. 

22. If a ring of bark and phloem isremoved from a stem, the A. plant dies immediately B. plant dies after twodays C. movement of food is not affected D. movement of  mineral salts is hardly affected. 
23. Transpiration can be measured witha 
24. photometer B. hygrometer C.potometer 
25. barometer. 
26. Excretory products responsible for the red, purple and  blue colours of flowers are called 
27. alkaloids B. tannims C. anthocyanins D. resins. 
28. Etiolation is caused by the influence of A. mineral salts B. water C. carbondioxide D. light. 
29. Muscles are indirectly attached to bones by means of A. ligaments B. membranes C. tendons D. sultures. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 27 and 28. 27. Which structure is the glomerulus?  A. 5 B.3 C. 2 D.1. 

28. Ifthebloodistooconcentrated,more wateris absorbedfrom  A. 5 B.4C.3 D.1 
29. During mammalian embryo development, large amount  of oestrogen and progesterone are produced in the A. umbilical cordB. amnionC. placenta D. amnioticfluid.

The type of placentation shown in the figure above is A. parietal B. marginal C. axile D. free-central. 

What stage during cell division is represented in the  figure above 

1. prophase B. metaphase C. anaphase D. telophase 
2. Fruitswhich developwithoutfertilization aredescribedas A. simpleB. pathenocarpic C. aggregate D. compound 
3. The elephant grass is propagated vegetatively by  means of 
4. corms B. bulbs C. suckers D. solons. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 27 and 28. 33. All the cell bodies in the spinal cord are found in A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 

34. In a reflex action, impulse flowsfrom 
35. 1 to 2 B. 2 to 1 C. 4 to 1 D. 4 to 2 
36. The part ofthe ear that is concerned with balance isthe A.semi-cirularcanalsB.incusC.malleusD.Bastachiantube. 
37. In an organismwherethe2ndnumber ofchromosomes  is16, thenumberofchromosomesin each gametewillbe  A. 32 B.16 C.8 D.4 
38. What would be the result of the first filial generation  (F1) and the second filial generation (F2) of a mono hydrid cross between pure line normal-winged Disophila? flies and pure line short- winged flies ofthe  gene for the normal wing is dominant? 
39. F1 fliesallshort–wingedandF2flies all normal–winged. B. F1 fliesallnormal–winged andF2fliesallshort-winged. C. F1 flies all short-winged and three-quarters of F2 flies are short-winged 

D.F1flies all normal –winged and three –quarters of F2 flies are normal–winged. 

39. An individual in the AB blood group isa universal  recipient for blood conation because 
40. all the red blood cells do not carryantigen 
41. all the red blood cells carry antigen A 
42. all the red blood cell carry antigenB 
43. there arenoanti-Aandanti-Bantibodiesin theserum. 
44. Haemophilia results from the mutation of the genes A. in the sex chromosomes B. which control skincolour C. which control the mechanism for blood –clotting D. which control the formation of haemoglobin. 
45. In a savanna ecosystem, the abiotic factors include A. legumes, temperature and sandy soil 

B.water, temperature and soil C. minerals, oxygen  and reptile D. water, soil andgrasses. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 42 and 43.

42. Which organism is anomnivore? 
43. Praying mantis B. Hawk C. Mouse D. Grasshopper. 
44. Which ofthe organims will have the lowest population  in an ecosystem? 
45. Hawk. B. Cowpea C. Praying mantis D. Mouse. 
46. The salinity of a brackish environment. 
47. increases immediately after rain B. increases at the  end of the rainy season C. decreases with increase  in micro-organisms D.increasesduringthe dryseason. 
48. Physiological adaptation to very dry condition in  animals is called 
49. hibernation B. aestivation C. rejuvenation D. xeromophism
50. Which set of diseases is spread mainlyby insect vectors? A. cholera, tenia and gonorrhoea. B. poliomyelitis,  tuberculosis and sypillis. C. cholera, malaria and  tuberculosis D. malaria, cholera and river blindness. 
51. Which of the following constitutes pollution? A. Droppings from birds B. Loud discomusic 
52. A pack of cigarettes D. Refuse in an incinerator. 
53. An acidic soil can be improved upon by A. Sedimentation B. Leaching C. Flocculation 
54. Watering. 
55. What dobacteriain rootnodules derivefromthehostplant? A. Protection and minerals B. Water andminerals. C. Carbohydrates and water D. Protection and  

carbohydrates. 

50. Free nitrogen is released to the atmosphere by A. nitrogen fixing bacteria B. nitrifying bacteria C. denitrifying bacteria D. saprophytic bacteria. 
    

Biology 1991 

Use the figure below to answer questions 1 and 2. 1. Which of the following structures is associated with  aerobic respiration? 

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 

2. The structure labelled 5 is usedfor 
3. protein synthesis B. energy production 
4. secretion D. excretion. 
5. Angiosperms and gymnosperms belong to the plant  group known as 
6. schizophyta B. bryophyta C. pteridopyta 
7. spermatophyta. 

4 Which of the following are non-green plants? A Euglena B. Fungi C. Spirogyra D. Angiosperms. 

5 Sting cells are normally found in 

1. flatworms B. hydra C. snails D. paramecium. 

6 Which of thefollowing are differentiated into true  roots, stems and leaves? 

1. Algae B. Schizophyta C. Pteridophyta 
2. Bryophyta 
3. To facilitate gaseous exchange, breathing roots have A. tomata B. mitochondria C. cuticle D. lenticels. 

8 The annulus of fern sporangium helpsin A. spore dispersal B. conduction of mineralsalt C. trapping of light energy D. water retention. 

9 One of the features which adopts paramecium to its  environment is the possession of 

1. a regular shape B. two nuclei C. cilia D. a pellicle. 

10 In the earthworm, the cocoon is secreted by the A. chaeta B. prostomium C.peristomium 

1. clitellum. 
2. The function of maxillipeds in crayfish is to aid A. walking B. swimming C. feeding D.respiration. 
3. The respiratory organ in the land snail is the A. radula B,. mantle C. tentacle D. foot. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 13 and 14.

13. The structure labelled 4 isfor 
14. feeding B. attachment C. excretion D. respiration. 
15. As the tadpoles develops, the structure labelled 5 A. grows longer B. becomes shorter C. becomes the  hind legs D. remainsunchanged. 
16. The gill rakers of fishes take partin 
17. feeding B. respiration C. swimming D. diffusion. 
18. A wide pith with a ring of conducting tissue is  characteristic of the root of 
19. sunflower B. maize C. bean D. okra. 
20. Which ofthe following is formed immediately after the  first product of photosynthesis? 

A.Lipid B. Starch C. Oxygen D. Sugar

Use the figure below to answer questions 18 and 19.

Dissection showing the Abdominal Cavity of a rat 

18. In the digestive system, absorption of nutrients into  the blood takes places in the part labeled 

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 

19. The gland which producestrypsin, amylase and lipase  islabelLed 
20. 6 B.4 C.2 D.1 
21. One of the accessory organs of the digestive system is the A. kidney B. spleen C. liver D. lung. 
22. The element common to protein, carbohydrate and lipid is A. hydrogen B. sulphur C. nitrogen D phosphorus. 
23. The crown of the mammalian tooth is covered with A. cement B. dentine C. caries D. enamel. 
24. In living cells, insufficient oxygen may cause a  breakdown of glucose into 
25. fatty acids B. lactic acids C. glycogen 

. D. carbondioxide. 

24. Which of the following can bring about the greatest  increase in the rate of transpiration? 
25. Increased humidity B. Reduced temperature C. Reduced wind speed D. Reduced humidity. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 25 and 26. 25. After 30 minutes, the level of sugar solution the above  figurewill 

A.rise in X only B. rise in Y only C. be the same in X  and Y D. fall inY. 

26. The process bywhich water movesfrom X to Y through  the semi-permeablemembrane is called 
27. diffusion B. osmosis C. active diffusion 
28. osmoregulation. 
29. Fibriongen and prothrombin play important rolesin the A. deamination of proteins B. clotting ofblood 
30. detoxication of substances D. storage of vitamins. 
31. Deoxygenated blood flows into the right and left lungs  through the 
32. pulmonary vein B. vena cava C. pulmonary artery D. subclavian vein . 
33. Which of the following is a plant excretory product? A. Oil B. Cytokinin C. Resin D. Amino acids. 
34. The movement of the whole organism to an external  stimulus istermed 
35. tropism B. a taxisC. a nastic movement 
36. a phototrophic movement. 
37. Which of the following vertebrate lays a centrum? A. Atlas B. Axis C. Thoracic D. Lumbar 
38. The function of the epididymisin mammals isthe A. expulsion of urine B. storage ofsperms 
39. circulation of blood D. activation of sperms. 
40. A collection of achenesformed from several carpels of  a flower is 
41. a multiple fruit B. an aggregate fruit 
42. a schizocarp D. a simple fruit. 
43. Vegetative propagation is described as asexual  reproduction because 

A.reproductive organs are not involved B. new  individuals are not formed C. many new plants are  produced D. there is no exchange of genetic  

materials. 

35. Epigeal germination can be found in 
36. sorghum B. maizeC. millet D. groundnut. 
37. A dwarf plant can be stimulated to grow to normal  height by the application of 
38. thyroxin B. gibberellin C. insulin D. kinin. 
39. The greatest contribution to genetic studies was made by A. Thomas Morgan B. GregorMendel 
40. Charles Darwin D. Robert Hooke. 
41. The exchange of genes between homologous  chromosomes is called 
42. test cross B. back cross C. crossing –over 
43. mutation. 
44. When two heterozygotes mate, the dominant trait will  appear in 
45. the F1generation only B. the F2 generation only C. both the F1 andF2generations D. neither the F1nor  F2generation. 
46. Which of the following characters is NOT sex-linked? A. River blindness B. Baldness. 
47. Haemophilia D. Colour Blindness
48. The most important factors which influence an  organism’s way of life in its habitat are 

A.the physical and biotic environment B. food and  water availability C. temperature, water, light and  predator- prey relationship D. competition for food  and space. 

42. Organisms in an ecosystem are usually grouped  according to their tropic levelas 
43. carnivores and epiphytes B. consumers and parasites C. producers and consumers D. producers and saprophytes. 
44. The above diagram represents a competitive interaction  between organisms in communities I and II. Which  ofthe following statement is CORRECT? 
45. The population of I was higher than II at the  beginning of the experiment. B. II was wiped out from  the environment at the end of the experiment. 
46. The population of II was always lower than that ofI D. The population of I was lower at the end of the  experiment than at the beginning. 
47. A food web is more stable than a food chain because. A. it contains more organisms B. it has greater energy  source C. it is not easy to destroy D. every organism  has an alternative food source. 
48. Which ofthe following is likely to occur in a deciduous  forest during the dry season? 
49. New leaves are formed B . The trees dieoff. 
50. The undergrowth increases D. The ground  

becomes bare. 

46. Which ofthese isNOTan adaptive featurefor arboreal life? A. Possession of a long tail B. Possession of claws C. Possession of teeth D. Counter shading in coat  colour. 
47. Which of the following diseases can be prevented by  innoculation? 
48. Symphilis B. Malaria fever C. Tuberculosis 
49. Acquired immuned Deficiency Syndrome. 
50. Sources of air pollutants are 
51. industrial chimneys, burning fossil oils and river  dams B. sulphur dioxide, acid rain and pesticides C. sulphur mines, vehicle exhausts and aerosols D. sewage, smoke and old vehicles. 
52. Fertilizers are lost from the soil through A. sheet erosion and evaporation B. leaching,  

underground seepages and run-off 

1. sheet erosion, gully erosion and wind erosion D. wind erosion and heavyrainfall. 
2. Nitrogen –fixing micro-organisms in leguminous plants  live symbiotically inthe 
3. root nodules B. tap roots C. branch roots 
4. root hairs. 
   

Biology 1992 

1. The organelle involved in tissue respiration is the A. endoplasmic reticulum B. ribosome C. golgi body D. mitochondrion. 
2. A tissue can best be defined as. 

A.an aggregate ofsimilar cells B. an aggregate of cells  performing a similar function C. an aggregate of  similar cells performing the same function 

1. a mixtureofdifferentcell typesperforming thesamefunction. 
2. Which of the following correctlysummarizes the life  cycle of a fern plant? 
3. Spore prothallus thalluss porangium. B. Male and femalegamentangia zygospore sporangium

spores. C. Spore thallus spermatozoa +  

ovumsporangium D. Prothallus spermatozoid + egg cell leafy plant sporangium spore. 

4. A major difference between platyhelminthes and  coelenterates is that platyhelminthes 
5. are multicellular B. have developed a mesoderm C. reproduce sexually D. reproduce asexually. 
6. The essential structural difference between Hydra and  tapeworm isthat while Hydra, 
7. has tentacles, tapeworm isparasitic 
8. is diploblastic, tapeworm is triploblastic C. has a  mouth, tapeworm feeds by suckers 
9. has mesoderm, tapeworm has mesogloea. 
10. The flowering period ofplantsin a habitat is determined  by the 
11. duration of sunlight B. intensity and duration of  rainfall. C. relative humidity of the atmosphere 
12. temperature of the habitat.

Use the figure below to answer question 7 and 8.

7. The structure labeled X is used by the organism in the  same way as man uses his 
8. oesophagus B. trachea C. stomach D. intestine. 
9. The structure labelled Y is the 
10. food vacuole B. nucleolus 
11. marcronucleus D. contractile vacuole. 
12. Which of the following insects undergoes incomplete  metamorphosis? 
13. mosquito B. Termite C. Housefly D. Moth. 
14. An onion is a bulb because it 
15. has a tuberousstem B. has a reduced stem and thick  fleshy leaves C. has adventitious roots D. bears  many buds at the nodes. 
16. The flow of air and water in or out of the mesophyll  layer of a leaf is controlled by the 
17. stomata B. lenticels C. air spaces D. guard cells. 
18. Fungi are heterotrophic because they 
19. have no leaves B. lack roots C. are filamentous D. lack of chlorophyll. 
20. The major site of photosynthesis in the leaf is the A. palisade parenchyma B. mesophyll parenchyma C. upper epidermis D. lower epidermis. 
21. 5cm3 dilute sodium hydroxide solution and 5cm3 one  percent copper sulphate solution are added to a  solution of food specimen. The purple colour which is  observed shows the presence of 
22. glucose B. starch C. fat D. protein. 
23. The blood vessel which carries blood from the  alimentary canal to the liver isthe 
24. hepatic arteryB. hepatic vein C. hepatic portal vein D. mesenteric artery. 
25. Gaseous exchange in Aves occurs in the A. tracheoles B. bronchi C. air sacs D. trachea. 
26. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid produced  during glycolysis is converted to Co2and 
27. water B glycerol C. ethanol D. citric acid. 
28. The excretory organ in insect isthe 
29. kidneyB. malpighian tubule C. flame cell 
30. nephirdium. 

Use the figure below to answer questions19 and 20.

19. The structure labelled 5 is the 
20. sweat gland B. sebaceous gland C. blood vessel D. nerve fibre. 
21. Melanin and kerantin are produced in the part labelled A.2 B.3 C.4 D5. 
22. Theboneoftheneckonwhich theskullrestsisknownasthe A. odontoid process B. axis C. atlas D. occipitalcondyle. 
23. Which enzymes are contained in the pancreatic juice? A. Ptyalin, lipase and pepsin B. Maltase, erepsin and  trypsin. C. Rennin, surcrase and lipase D.Amylase.,  lipase and trypsin. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 23 and 24.

23. The part labeled 3 isthe 
24. cartilage B. ligament C. synovial fluid D. bone. 
25. The function of the part labeled 1 isto 

A.secrete a fluid which lubricates the joint B. attach  muscles to the bones at the joint C. bend the bones  

atthejoint D.holdthe jointin place. 

25. Double fertilization in higher plant is significant  because it ensures the 

A.formation of a fertile embryo B. formation of a fertile  embryo and the endosperm C. development of the seed D. development ofthefruit. 

26. Inmammaliandevelopment,thefunctionoftheyolkisto A. supply nutrients to the embryo B. acts as the shock absorber to the foetus C. supply air to the embryo D. facilitate the process of excretion in the foetus. 
27. Hydrogeal germination scharacterized bythe A. emergence of the plumule out of theground 
28. provision of nourishment by the endosperm 
29. elongation of the hypocotyl 
30. elongation of the epicotyl.
31. Fruitswhich developwithoutfertilization oftheovuleare A. false B. multiple C. aggregate D. parthenocarpic. 

Use the figure below to answer question 29 and 30

29. Which part ofthe curverepresentsthefastestrateofgrowth? A. K B.L C.M. D.N. 
30. The grand period of growth is represented by A. N B. M C.L. D. K. 
31. Neurons that receive stimuli from the body or internal  organs are called 
32. sensory neurons B. efferentneurons 

C.motorneurons D.relayneurons. 

32. Which of the following istrue of a climax community? A. It persists until the environment or climate changes. B. It changes drastically from one year to the next C. It is the first stage in succession. D. It is made up of  the tallest trees and the smallestanimals. 
33. A population is defined as a collection ofsimilar  organismsthat 
34. behave in the same way B. interbreedfreely 
35. are found in the same habitat D. eat the same food. 
36. In typical predator food chain involving secondary and  tertiary consumers, the organisms becomeprogressively A. smaller andmorenumerousalongthefoodchain 
37. equalin number andsizealongthefoodchain 
38. larger and fewer along the food chain D.parasitized  along the food chain as consumers get bigger. 

Use the figure below to answer questions 35 and 36.

35. Which level of thepyramid hastheleasttotalstoredenergy? A. E B. F C.G D. H. 
36. Which organism in the pyramid functions as a tertiary  consumer? 
37. Algae. B. Shark. C. Tadpole. D. Tilapia. 
38. Mangrove swamp can be found 
39. on a sea shore with flat terrain B. where a river  meets the sea C. on a mud flat near the sea. 
40. where two rivers meet. 
41. Soil with the finest particles is called 
42. silt B. clay C. sand D. gravel. 
43. Malaria symptoms are caused by 
44. toxins released into the blood as a result of the  

destruction ofred bloodcells B. themultiplication 

ofthe malarial sporozoites in the liver. C. theinvasion of  the red blood cells by the trophozoiters 

1. the development of merozoiters into gametocytes. 
2. Which of the following is true of the children of a  haemophilic man who marries a woman that is not  haemophilic and does not carry the trait? 

A.All their sons will be haemophilic. B. All their  daughter will be haemophilic. C. All their daughters  will be carriers. D. All theirssons will be carriers. 

41. A child with blood group genotype different from those  of both parents and with a mother of genotype OO,  can only have a father of genotype 

A.A B.B C.AB D.OO. 

42. IfR and r denote the genesfor a character, the offspring  of the cross between RR and Rr are 
43. RR, 2Rr,rr B. 2RR,2rr C. 2RR, 2Rr D. 4Rr. 
44. A mammal with red fur and long ears was crossed with  another having white fur and short ears. If the offspring  had red fur and short ears, then the 
45. characters are linked B. characters are not linked C. parents are related D. parents are not related. 
46. Pawpawseeds collected from a tree with many desirable  agronomic qualities did not give rise to plants of  desirable characters as the parent because 
47. seeds are not reliable for propagating plants 
48. uncontrolled out-crossing can introduce unwanted  variability C. vegetataive propagation is the best  form of reproducion for all crops D. seeds were not  physiologically mature atharvest. 
49. Women do not suffer from colour blindness A.because the trait issex-linked B. onlymen are colour  blind C. the genes are recessive and sex-linked 
50. the genes occur on both the X and Y chromosomes. 
51. The hereditary material of the cellis 
52. the R N A B. protein C. the DNA D. carbohydrate . 
53. An example of plant adaptation to a xerophytic  environment is represented by the development of A. fleshy tissues and reduced leaves B. broad canopy  

and extensive surface root system C. thick barks  and broad leaves 

1. rough leaves and shallow root system.
2. Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to  affect the animals living in a fresh water habitat? A. Turbidity B. Temperature C. pH. D.Salinity. 
3. The theory of natural selection was developed by A. Lamarck and Darwin B. Darwin and Wallace C. Wallace and Mendel D. Mendel and Lamarck. 
4. Fossil records found in sedimentary rocks offer some  explanation for the theory of evolution because A. the deposits have remains of organisms  

characteristic of when they were formed 

1. different strata have remains of organisms of the  same kind C. only organisms with strong parts  are fossilized D. most animals and plant fossilsbear  little resemblance to present day living specimens. 
   

Biology 1993 

1. On whatstructures are the units ofinheritance situated? A. Golgi bodies B. Ribosomes C.Chromosomes 
2. Endoplasmic reticulum. 
3. Production of naked seeds is a distinctive feature of  the group of plant called? 
4. grasses B. conifers C. legumes D. palms. 
5. In which of these features do bryophytes differ from  pteridophytes? 
6. Absence of flower B. Alternation ofgeneration C. Dependence on water for reproduction 
7. Presence of a vascular system. 
8. Which of the following organs or cell components are  common to both the sporophyte and the gametophyte  of a fern? 
9. Rhizoids B. Roots C. Chloroplasts D. Leaves. 
10. In which of the following organisms does a single cell  perform all the function ofmovement , nutrition, growth,  excretion and photosynthesis? 
11. Paramecium B. EuglenaC. Amoeba. D. Spirogyra. 
12. In which of the following organisms would glycogen  be stored? 
13. Spirogyra. B. Chlamydomonas. C.Rattus
14. Magnifera. 
15. The most successful group of animals in terms of  diversity of species is 
16. mollusca B. arthropoda C.mammalia 
17. playthehelminthes. 
18. Flame cells are the 
19. excretory system of worms B. excretory and  respiratory system of flatworms C. excretory system  of flatworms D. excretory system offlatworms. 
20. The spores of mucus are dispersed by 
21. water B. wind C. insects D. explosive mechanism. 

Use the figures below to answer questions 10 and 11

10. Which of the following is the correct order of the  development stages? 
11. 1⓪2⓪3⓪4⓪5 B. 

5⓪1⓪3⓪2⓪4C. 

2⓪1⓪3⓪4⓪5 D. 

5⓪3⓪2⓪1⓪4. 

11. Stage 3 breathes 

A.with the lungs B. with the external gills C. with the  internal gills D. through theskin. 

12. The butterfly is of great economic importance because A. ofitsuse in scientificstudies B. itsucks nectarfrom  flowersC. it addsto thebeautyofthe environment 
13. it pollinates flower of crops and other plants. 
14. Manufactured food in the plants is transported throughthe A. xylem B. phoem C. cambium D. cortex. 
15. Interveinal chlorosis is normally associated with the  deficiency of 
16. magnesium B. potassium C. iron D. calcium. 
17. Osmic acid boiled with a solution of food substance  gave a black precipitate . This indicated the presence of A. fats and oils B. proteins C. amino acids D. starch.

16. Which of the labeled parts is the  diastema? A. 2 B.3 C.4 D. 6.
    
17. The lower jaw is typical of a 
18. sheep B. rabbit C. dog D. cat. 
19. The end products of the digestion of fats and oils in  mammalsare 
20. maltose and fatty acids B. amino acids and glucose C. fatty acids and fructose D. fatty acids andglycerin. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 19 and 20

The mammalian heart 

19. Blood is pumped into the right ventricle bythe  contraction of the auricle wallthrough 
20. 1 B.3 C5 D.6. 
21. After circulation in the lungs, the blood returns to the  left auricle through 
22. 1 B.4 C.5 D.6 
23. The main function of blood in mammals is to transport A. excretory materials from tissues B. carbondioxide  from lungs to tissues C. digested food from all the  body tissues. D. oxygen to the lungs. 
24. Members of the phylum Protozoa use thecontractile  vacuole 
25. to remove excess food B. formovement 
26. for digestion D. to remove excesswater. 
27. The response shown by the tips of the root and shoot  of a plant to the stimulus of gravity is 
28. haptropism B. phototropism C. hydrotropism D. geotropism. 
29. Which of the following is the correct order of the  vertebrae along the spinal column? 4 
30. Axis atlas thoracic lumbar cervical sacral
31. Atlas cervical axis thoracic lumbar sacral. C. Atlas axis cervical thoracic lumbar sacral
32. Axis cervical thoracic sacral lumbar. 
33. Which of the following is TRUE of the process of  conjugation in Paramecium? 

A.Micronucleus disintegrates. B. Each ex-conjugant  divides only once. C. Macronucleus undergoes  division D. Each micronucleus divides twice. 

26. The bright colours of the comb and feathers in the  peacock are for 
27. sex differentiation B. beauty C. courtship 
28. defence. 
29. The main function of thepetal of a flower is to A. attract pollination agents. B. protect the flower while  still in bud C. serve as landing stage for insects 
30. protect the inner parts from desiccation. 
31. In themammal, the automonicnervoussystemconsistsof A. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
32. brain and spinal nerves C. brain and cranialnerves D. spinal cord and spinal nerves. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 29 and 30

29. In H, the cotyledons are carried above the soil because A. the epicotyl grows faster than the hypocotyl  

B the hypocotyl grows faster than the epicotyl 

1. both grow at the same rate 
2. the epicotyls out grows the radicle. 
3. The function of the structure labelled G isto A. carry out initial photosynthesis for the seedling B. protect the young leaves from mechanical damage C. protect the young leaves form sunlight. 
4. protect the young leaves form insect. 
5. When it is cold, the blood vessels of the skin A.dilate to increase the amount of blood flowing to the  skin B. constrict to reduce the amount of blood  

flowing to the skin. C. dilate to reduce the amount  of blood flowing to the skin D. constrict to increase  the amount of blood flowing to theskin. 

32. Which path does sound entering the human ear follow? A. Oval window ossicles ear drum B. ear drum oval window ossicles. C. Ear drum ossicles oval

window. D. Ossicles ear drum oval window. 

33. What would happen to a man whose pancreas has been  surgically removed? 
34. The level of blood sugar would increase. 
35. The glycogen content of the liver would increase. C. His blood pressure would decrease. 4 
36. His weight would increase appreciably. 
37. Carnivorous plants are usually found inarea A. which are deficient in nitrate B. which are deficient  in oxygen C. with lowpH 
38. where insects are abundant. 
39. What is the term used to describe the sum total of  biotic and abiotic factors in the environment of the  organism? 
40. Habitat.B. Biome.C. Ecosystem D. Ecological niche.
41. Important abiotic factors which affect all plants and  animalsin the habitat are 
42. temperature and turbidityB.rainfall and relative  humidity C. salinity and winddirection 
43. temperature and rainfall. 
44. The most important physical factor which affects an  organism living in the intertidal zone of the seashore is A. pH B. salinityC. wave action D. temperature. 
45. At which trophic level would the highest accumulation  of a non-biodegrable substance occur? 
46. Primary producers.B.Tertiaryconsumers. C. Primary  consumers. D. Secondary consumers. 
47. Two organisms of different species, living in close  association but not dependent on each other are  referred to as 
48. parasites B. commensals C. symbiots D. autorophs . 
49. Which of the following instruments is NOT used in  measuring abiotic factors in any habitat? 
50. Carbon monoxide poison tissues by 
51. constricting the blood vessels B. killing the cells C. combining with haemoglobin D. rupturing the blood  vessels. 
52. Which ofthe following is an example ofdiscontinuous  variation observed in man? 
53. Skin colours B. Tongue rolling C. Body weight D. Height. 
54. Duringbloodtransfusion,agglutinationmayoccurwhen A. Contrasting antigens react with contrasting  

antibodies B. Similar antigens reactwith 

1. two different antigens react with each other 
2. two different antibodies react with each other. 48.
3. MicroscopeB. Thermometer C. Hygrometer D.Wind vane. 
4. Plants adapted for life in salty marsh are called A. hydrophytes B. xerophytes B. halophytes 
5. epiphytes. 
6. Which group plants would be the first colonizers in an  ecological succession changing rocks to soil? 

A Mosses. B. Ferns C. Lichens D. Grasses. 

43. Soil fertility can be conserved and renewed by 

In the illustration above, the genotypes of the  offsprings are 

1. 1 heterozygous smooth : 2 homozygous smooth:  1 wrinkled B. 1 homozygous smooth : 2  heterozygous smooth 1 wrinkled 
2. 2 homozygoussmooth : 2 wrinkled 
3. 3 heterozygous smoo th : 1 wrinkled 
4. yearly mono cropping B. crop rotation and cover  crops C. bush burning to remove unwanted debris D. avoiding artificial manures. 
5. What ecologicalcondition favorsthebreeding ofblackflies? A. Fresh water habitat B. Water in ponds and swamps C. Water in small containers D. Fast flowing stream. 
6. Cold blooded animals are referred to as A. poikilothermic B. homoiothermic 
7. polythermic D. homeostatic 
8. Which of the organism has lost the pentadactyl limb  structure? 
9. Bat B. Fish C. Frog D. Pigeon. 
   

Biology 1994 

4. The soil swallowed by the earthworm to form the worm  
   
5. The membrane surrounding the vacuole in a plant cell  is called the 
6. plasmalemma B. tonoplast C. nuclear membrane D. endoplasmic reticulum. 
7. The smallest living organisms which share the  characteristics of both living and non-living matter are A. bacteria B. fungi C. viruses D. protozoa. 
8. Green plants are distinguished from other living  organisms by their abilityto 
9. make use of water B. make use of oxygen 
10. respond to sunlight D. manufacture their own food. 

cast is ground up in the 

1. clitellium B. prostosium C. mouth D. gizzard. 
2. Which isthe correct order in an evolutionary sequence  for the following plant groups? 
3. Bacteria ferns algae mosses seed plant.
4. Bacteria ferns mosses algae seed plants C. Bacteria algae mosses ferns seed plants
5. Bacteria mosses algae ferns seed plants. 
6. In Amoeba, osmoregulation is carried out by the A. pseudopodium B. food vacuole C. contractile  vacuole D. nucleus.

Use the diagrambelowto answer questions 7 and8.

Head of a cockroach 

7. The part used for feeling islabelled 
8. 1 B.J C.K D.L. 
9. The mouth part of the insect is adapted for A. biting and chewing B. suckling and chewing 
10. biting and sucking D. piercing and sucking. 
11. Which of the following combinations differentiates a  bonyfish from a cartilaginousfish? I Presence of gills.  II Absence of gill slits III Possession of bonyskeleton  IV Possession of laterally compressed body V  

Possession of dorso ventrally compressed body 

1. I,II and II. B. I, III and IV. C.II,III and IV. D. II, III and V. 
2. Which is the most important adaptation of a bony fish  to lifein water? 
3. The possession of a streamlined shape 
4. The presence of overlapping scales 
5. The covering of the body by thin film of shine. D. The possession of a caudalfin. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 11 and 12

11. Which of the labeled part allows for efficient absorption  of water andmineral? 
12. I. B.II C.III. D.IV. 
13. Starch is usually stored in the partlabelled A. I. B.II. C.III. D.IV. 
14. The failure of transport and respiratory systems in  plants as well asthe presence ofreddish colour in stems  and leaves result from the deficiency of 
15. magnesium B. nitrogen C. potassium D. phosphorus. 
16. The dental formula I3 C1 pm4 m2 is that of a 3 1 4 3 
17. goat B. rabbit C. man D. dog 
18. Thenitrifyingbacteria,Nitrosomonas,convertammoniato A. nitrites B. nitric acid C. nitrates D. nitrousoxide. 
19. The activity of ptyalin of ptyalin is likely to decrease  with an increase in the concentration of 
20. oxygen B. starch C. protein D. acid. 
21. The phloem parenchyma is sometimes used for A. food storage B. supporting the stem C. production  of the sieve tube D. transporting water. 
22. The process by which a red blood cell placed in distilled  water absorbs until it bursts and releases its contents  into the surrounding is known as 
23. osmosis B. plasmolysis C. turgidity D. haemolysis. Use the diagram belowto answer questions 19 and 20. 
24. The most appropriate title for the set up is A.quantitative measurement of respiration in plants  

andanimals B.measurementofrespiratoryratesin  

living organisms C. comparison between 

photosynthesis and respiratory 

1. comparison of respiratoryrates in plants and animals. 
2. The part labeled Jis called 
3. porosimeter B. porometer C. manometer 
4. auxanometer. 
5. A circulatory system that does not allow mixing of  oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in mammalian  heart is referred to as 
6. open B. haemocoelic C. single D.closed. 
7. Which of the following waste products in plant is  excreted through the stomata and lenticels? 
8. Carbondioxide B. Alkaloids. C.Tannins 
9. Anthocyanins.

Use the diagram below to answer questions 23 and 24.

23. The vertebra illustrated is 
24. lumbar B. thoracic C. caudal D.cervical. 
25. The neural arch islabelled 
26. I. B.II C.III D.IV. 
27. In animals, meiosiscomes 
28. after fertilization B. after every mitotic division C. before fertilization D. before every mitotic division. 
29. The fleshy base of a flower to which the different floral  parts are attached is known as 
30. calyx B. sepals C. thalamus D. hypothalamus. 
31. When a short-sighted person views a distant object  without spectacles, the image isformed 

A.ontheretina B.in frontoftheretina C. behindtheretina D. on the blind spot. 

The graph shows the relationship between the body  and atmospheric temperatures for dog and lizard. What  is the most appropriate deduction that could be made  form the graph? 

1. Lizards are more likely to survive hazardsthan dogs. B. Both animals maintain a constant body temperature C. The dog’s body temperature is independent of the  external temperature. D. The lizard’s body  

temperature varies with that of thedog. 

29. The part of the brain that controls heart beat and  breathing is the 
30. olfactory lobe B. cerebellum 
31. cerebral hemisphere D. medulla oblongata. 

Use the list of ecological constituents below to answer  questions 30 and 31 

1. Mango 2. Speargrass 3. Goat 4. Sheep 5. Temperature 6. Beans 7. Rock 8. Water. 
2. . Items 1-4 can be regardedas 
3. a population B. a community C. an ecosystem D. a niche. 
4. The physical factors are represented by  A.1,5,6, B. 4,5,7, C. 5,7,8, D. 6,7,8. 
5. Which ofthe following setsis made up of decomposers? A. Rhizopus, earthworm and protozoa 
6. Mushroom, rhizopus and bacteria 
7. Bacteria, earthworm andnematodes 
8. Earthworm, sedges andplatyhelminthes. 
9. The correct order in a food chain involving the  organisms(1) Grasses, (2) Hawks,(3) Snakes, (4)  Grasshopper, (5) Lizardsis 
10. 1 2 3 4 5 B. 5 4 3 2 1 C. 1 4 5 3 2 D. 3 2 4 5 1. 
11. The organisms with the least number of individuals in  a pyramid of numbers are the 
12. secondary consumers B. tertiary consumers 
13. primary producers D. primary consumers. 

Use the list of blomes below toanswer questions 35 and 36. 

1. Desert 2. Rain forest 3. Southern Guinea  savannah 4. Northern Guinea savannah. 

35.. A biome with a low annual rainfall, few scattered trees  within dense layer of grasses and found in Kano and  Katsina States is 

3. 1 B.2 C. 3. D.4 
4. A biom where small mammals undergo aestivation for  long periods is 
5. 1 B.2 C. 3. D.4 
6. Ecologicalsucession endswith the formation of a stable A. nich B. population C. pioneer community 
7. climax community 
8. In a drought situation, plants suffer from water stress  which could resultin 
9. reduced biochemical activities B. enhanced  chemical activities C. enhanced microbial activities D. reduced phototropic activities. 
10. The water-retention capacity of a soil indicates its A. fertility B. capillarity C. aeration level D. pH level. 
11. People who suck petrol with their mouths run the risk  of increasing in their blood the concentration of 
12. iron B. lead C. calcium D. magnesium. 
13. The differences and similarities among living things  account for 
14. diversity B. stabilityC. competition D. evolution.
15. People with sickle-cell anaemia have haemoglobin A. S and are homozygous recessive 
16. A and are heterozygous recessive 
17. S and are heterozygous recessive 
18. A and are homozygousrecessive. 
19. In the gene locus for eye colour in humans, the allele  for brown eyesis dominant over the allele for blue eyes.  If a homozygous brown-eyed girl has a brother with  blue eyes , what are the likely phenotypes oftheir 

parents’ eye colour? (Eye colour is not a sex-linked trait). 

1. Both parents have blue eyes. B. Their father has  blue eyes and their mother has brown eyes. 
2. Both parents have brown eyes. D. Their mother  has blue eyes and their father has brown eyes. 
3. If a woman’s genotype is Tt Qq Rr, what would be the  gene content of her eggs? 
4. TQrtqr B. TQR, tqr C. TqR, tQr D. tQr, TQR. 
5. The sex-linked defect in which very slight cut produces  severe bleeding is known as 
6. anaemia B. anorexia C. haemophilia D.haemolysis . 
7. A man who has the trait for colour blindness marries a  normal woman. What percentage of their childrenwould  be sufferers, carriers andnormal respectively? 
8. 25% and 50% B. 25%, 50% and 25% 
9. 50%, 25% and 25% D. 25%, 37.5% and 37.5%. 
10. Breathing root is an adaptation for survival in the A.mangroveswamp B.desertC.arborealhabitatD.savanna. 
11. Red coloration on the head of a male lizard helps itto A. mark its territory B. camouflage in the environment C. secure its mate D. defend itself. 
12. A phenomenon bywhich an animal goesinto a state of  dormancy during the dry season iscalled 
13. hibernation B. aestivation C. incubation 
14. deactivation. 
15. The anatomical evidence usually used in support of  all evolutionary relationship among whales, humans,  birds and dogs is the possession of 
16. thick skin B. pentadactyl limb C.tail 
17. epidermal structures. 
    

Biology 1995 

1. Which of the following does a virus have in common  with animal cells? 
2. Nucleus B. DNA C. Glycogen D.Cytoplasm. 
3. Which ofthe followingorganelles are likelytobepresent  in cellsthat are activelyrespiring and photosynthesizing? A. Nucleolus and centrioles B. Mitochondria and  chloroplast. C. Lysosomes and ribosomes 
4. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. 
5. One common characteristic offungi, algae, mosses and  ferns is that they 

A.show alternation of generations B. reproduce  sexually by conjugation C. produce spores that are  dispersed D. possess chlorophyll II in theirtissues. 

Use the diagram below to answer question 4 and 5

4. Protein-like bodies are borne on the part labelled A. II B.III C.IV D.V. 
5. The sexual reproductive functions isperformed by the  part labelled 
6. I B.II C.IV D.V 
7. Which ofthefollowingistransmittedthroughmosquitobite? A. Filariasis. B. Typhus. C. Plague. D. Schistosomiasis. 
8. Which of the following insects lays its eggs in horny,  purse-like cases? 
9. Mosquito. B. Butterfly. C. Termite. D. Cockroach. 
10. In which of the following vertebrates does the skin  function as a respiratory surface? 
11. Rat. B. Lizard. C. Fish D. Frog. 
12. Birdsmaintain theirbodytemperature withthehelp oftheir A. blood which maintains constant temperature B. feathers which cover the body C. skin which  

conserves moisture D. veins which transport fluid  of constant temperature to all body tissues. 

10. Secondary thickening in dicotyledonous stem is  controlled by the A. xylem B. phloem C. cambium D. pericycle.
11. 2H20 -2H2+ O2(g). The equation above represents a part  of the light stage of photosynthesis. Which of the  following must be present for this reaction to occur? A. Enzyme and light energy. B. carbondioxide and light  energy. C. Light energy and chlorophyll II. 
12. Chlorophyll and enzyme. 
13. In an experiment to investigate the effect of nitrogen  on the growth of plants, the substrate should be a  medium of 
14. washedand sandB.sawdustC. cowdung D. claysoil. 
15. Which vitamin plays an important role in blood clotting?  A.Vitamin A B.Vitamin K C. Vitamin B12. D.Vitamin C. 
16. The mammalian organ which acts both as a digestive  and as an endocrine organ is the 
17. oesophagus B. liver C. pancreas D. spleen. 
18. Which ofthe following is NOT involved in the transport  of substances in the body? 
19. Lymph B. Plasma C. Leucocytes D.Erythrocytes. 
20. The end product of glycolysis in plants and animals is A. pyruvic acid B. citric acid C. asparticacid 
21. malic acid. 
22. Duringrespiration, air circulatesroundplanttissuesviathe A. lenticels B. stomata C. guard cells D. intercellular spaces. 
23. The excretory structure in the earthworm isthe A. malpighian tubuleB. flame cell C. nephridium D. kidney. 
24. During the bending of the arm, the biceps muscle A. contracts and the triceps muscle relaxes 
25. relaxes and the triceps muscle contracts 

C.and the triceps muscle contract D. and the triceps  muscle relax. 

20. When a healthy shoot of a flowering plant isilluminated  from one side, auxins accumulate on the 
21. non-illuminated side of theshoot 
22. illuminated side of the shoot C. upper side of  the shoot D. lower side of the shoot. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 21 and 22.

21. The type of placentation shown is 
22. axial B. marginal C. parietal D. central 
23. An example of a plant having the placentation shown is  A allamander B. hibiscus C. water lily 
24. pride of Barbados. 
25. The term caryopsisis used to describea fruit in which the A. testa and pericarp are separate B. seed and  

endocarp are fused C. testa and pericarp are  fused D. seed coat and fruit wall are impermeable. 

24. The sex of a foetus is determinedduring A.meiosis B. copulation C. fertilization D. placentation. 
25. Biological growth refers strictly to an increase inthe A. protoplasmof an organism B. number of organisms C. size of an organism D. development of form. 
26. The process of walking is under the control of the part  of the braincalled 
27. optic lobe B.olfactory lobe C. cerebellum D. medulla oblongata. 
28. The gland directly affecting metabolic rate, growth and  development is known as 
29. adrenal gland B. thyroid gland 
30. mammarygland D. parathyroid gland. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 28 and 29

28. The diagram represents 
29. sensory neurone B. relay neurone 
30. afferent neurone D. motor neurone. 
31. The part labelled X isthe 
32. axon B. cell body C. terminal dendrites D. synapse. 
33. Which of the following ions is involved in the  conduction of the nerve impulse? 
34. C a2+ B. K+ C. H+ D. Mg2+. 
35. The depth of illumination in a water body can be  measured with a 
36. photometer B. secchi disc C. hydrometer 
37. anemometer. 
38. In a food chain involving a primary producer, a primary  consumer as well as a secondary consumer, the sharing  of trophic energy is in the form thatthe 
39. primary consumer has more energy than the primary  producer B. secondary consumer takes up all the  energy contents of theprimary consumer 
40. energy is shared equally between the three groups  of organism. D. secondary consumer gets only a  small portion of the energy contained in the primary  producer.
41. In spite of the removal of carbondioxide from the  atmosphere, its amount remains more or less constant  because 
42. it is produced by green plants during  

photosynthesis. B. it is produced during respiration  by animals C. it isabsorbed in ocean water 

1. green plants release it during the day. 
2. In a tropical rain forest, non-epiphytic ferns and fern  allies occur as 
3. middle storey species B. upper storey species C. shade-loving species D. emergentspecies. 
4. Colonization of a bare rock surface istermed A. evolution B. speciation C. primary succession D. secondary succession. 
5. Which of the following is a measure for the controlof  bilharzias? 
6. Cutting low bushes around homes 
7. Application of molluscicides in waterbodies 
8. Screening windows and doors with mosquito nets. D. Application of herbicides in water bodies. 
9. Some of the diseases caused by bacteria are A. tuberculosis, gonorrhoea and syphills  

B.tuberculosis, gonorrhoea and AIDS 

1. Poliomyelitis, syphilis and gonorrhoea 
2. AIDS, cholera and tuberculosis. 
3. Environmental pollutants which can work through the  media of water,soil and air include 
4. carbon monoxide B. noise 
5. sulphur (IV) oxide D.smoke. 
6. Human height is an example of a feature which depends  on both 
7. genotype and phenotype B. genetic and  

environmental factors C. mother’s genotype and  environmental factors. D. phenotipic and environmental  factors. 

40. A person with type O blood can donate to a patient  with type A because the donor’s blood 
41. lacks antigens B. lacks anti-A antibodies 
42. lacks anti-B antibodies D. has both anti-A and  anti-B antibodi\s. 
43. The DNA molecules is a chain of repeating A. nucleosides B. nitrogenous bases 
44. sugar Sphosphates D. nucleotides. 
45. The specific number of chromosomes in each somatic  cell is represented by 
46. 2N B.23 C.2N DN. 
47. Aman with blood group A is married to a woman with  blood group A. Which of the following group  

combinationsis possible ifthe family has three children? A. B, A, AB. B. O.A,B. C. B, AB,AB. 

1. A,O,A. 
2. The F, of a cross between a tall and a dwarf plant was  tall The F was advanced to F2. Howmany of 120F2plant  will be dwarf? 
3. 30 B. 60 C. 90 D. 120. 

45 The sons of a colour-bind woman will be colour blind  regardless of the state of the father because 

1. the egg determines the phenotype of the son 
2. sons inherit the sex chromosomes of their mothers C. the father’s sex chromosome is weaker in sons D. sex-linked traits express dominance in females. 

46 The slender, long and slightly curved beak of the sun bird is an adaptation for feeding on 

1. nectar B. small seeds C. big seeds D.insects. 
2. Scales on reptiles are a feature for 
3. conserving water B. conserving food C. protecting  the skin D. locomotion. 

48 The colour of the ventral surface of a fish is lighter  than that ofthe dorsal. This is mainly 

1. an adaptation for moment B. an adaptation for  camouflage C. for attracting mates 
2. for regulating body temperature. 
3. The least evidence in support of the theory of  evolution is provided by the study of 
4. anatomy B. ecology C. geologyD. embryology.8 
5. From which group of animals are the mammals generally  believed to have most recently evolved? 
6. Reptiles. B. Fishes. C. Amphibians. D. Birds. 
   

Biology 1997 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 1 and 2. 1. The structure labelled I isthe A. Golgi body B. mitochondrion 

1. endoplasmic reticulum D. vacuole. 
2. Protein is synthesized in the partlabelled 
3. I B.IIC.III D.IV. 
4. Which of the following is the youngest plants tissue? 
5. Meristem. B. Phloem C. Epidermis. D. Xylem.
   
6. Virus differ from all forms oflife because they A have a thick cell wall B. feed on waste products  of other organisms C. cause infectious  

diseases D. require other living cells to multiply. 

5. The endoblast cells found in Hydra are used for A. reproduction B. offence and defence 
6. locomotion and nutrition D. food collection. 
7. Annelids differ from nematodes in thatthey A. exhibit bilateral symmetry B. aretriploblastic C. are metamerically segmented D. possess complete  digestive system. 
8. Which of the following perform similar functions? A. Ascospores and ascocarp. B. antherozoids and  rhizoid. C. Sorus and indusium. D. Strobili and  inflorescence. 
9. A food substance wastreated with a fewdrops ofSudan  III solution and a red coloration was obtained. The  food contained 
10. protein B. starch C. fat D. mineral salt. 
11. Oozing out ofwater from the leaves of plantsin a humid  environment is known as 
12. transpiration B. osmosis C. pinocytosis D.guttation 
13. The element that is essential for the coagulation of  blood is 
14. potassium B. calcium C. phosphorus D. iron. 
15. Anaerobic respiration differs aerobic respiration by the production of 
16. less amount of energy and water B. greater amount  of energy and alcohol C. less amount of energy  and alchohol. D. Greater amount of energy water. 

In ferns, the saprophyte 

1. develops from a haploid zygote B. reproduces  sexually to produce spores C. is haploid and  dependent on the gametophyte D. is diploid and  independent of the gametophy. 

The group of insects that undergoes complete 

20 Stomata pores open when there is 

1. an increase in the sugar content of guard cells B. a decrease in the osmotic concentration of guard  cells C. a decrease in the sugar content of  

mesophyll cells d. an increase in the sugar content  of mesophyll cells. 

metamorphosis is 

22. houseflies, beetles and cockroaches B. cockroaches,  grasshoppers and bees C. houseflies, beetles and  

butterflies D. aphids, grasshoppers and butterflies 

. 

The process of deamination is essential for the A. digestion of protein B. secretion of bile C. formationof urea D. formation of antibody. 

A band of connective tissue linking two bones in a 

10. The nitrogenous substance that is excreted by birds in  order to conserve water is 
11. ammonia B. urea C. uric acid D. nitric acid. 

joint is known as 

1. tendon B. cartilage C. synovial membrane D. ligament. 

In mammals, the exchange of nutrients and metabolic  products occurs in the 

1. lymph B. lungs C. heart D. liver. 

The part of the stomach nearer the gullet is called the 

13. epiglottis B. cardiac sphincter C. duodenum 
14. pyloric sphincter. 
15. Theappendicularskeleton iscomposedofthe pectoralgirdle A. pelvic girdle, fore andhind limbs B pelvicgirdle  and fore limbs C. lumbar vertebrae and pelvic  girdle D. lumbar vertebrae, fore and hind limbs. 
16. The companion cells are part of the 
17. pericycle B. phloem C. pith D.xylem 
18. Trace elements are required by plants mainly for the A. formation of pigments and enzymes  

B . production of energy and hormones 

1. manufacture of carbohydrates 
2. manufacture of proteins. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 14 and 15.

14. The part that is similar to bone islabelled A.IV B.III C.II D.I. 
15. The parts labelled I and II constitute the A. crown B. neck C. root D. gum 
16. In which of the following groups of vertebrates would  the largest amount of yolk be found in the egg? 
17. Mammals B. Fishes. C. Amphibians. D.Reptiles. 

Use the diagram belowto answer questions 26 and 27.

26. The function of the part labeled V is for the passage of A. pollen tube and pollen nucleus B. air, water and  pollen nucleus C. air, antipodal cells and ovum 
27. synergids and egg cell. 
28. The female gamete is representedby 
29. I B.II C.III D.IV.

The type of vegetable reproduction illustrated in the  diagram above is 

1. grafting B. adventitious bud C. sucker 
2. aerial layering. 
3. Coconut and oil palm fruits can be grouped as A. berry B. legume C. Capsule D.drupe. 
4. The substance that isresponsible for apical dominance  in plants is known as 
5. gibberellin B. tannin C. auxin D. kinin. 
6. The part of the brain that regulates most biological  cycles in humans is 
7. olfactory lobe B. optic lobe C. medulla oblongata D. pineal body. 
8. The ability of the eye to focus on both near and distant  objects is termed 
9. image formation B. refraction C. hypermetropia D. accommodation. 
10. Thespeed ofwindcanbemeasuredwithan instrumentcalled A. hydrometer B. secchi disc C. anemometer 
11. wind vane. 

Which organism in the food-web illustrated above is  an omnivore? 

1. Weevils. B. Rat. C. Hawk. D. Prayingmantis. 
2. Toads and lizards in an ecosystem depend on a limited  quantity of food. This is an example of 
3. parasitism B. intraspecific competition C. predation D. interspecific competition. 
4. Adaptive features of plantsto desert conditionsinclude A. thick barks, succulent stems and sunken stomata B. thin barks, succulent stems and sunken stomata C. thin barks, air floats on stems and sunken stomata D. airspacesin tissues, adventitiousrootsand thick barks. 
5. The Southern Guinea Savanna differsfrom the Northern  Guinea Savanna in that ithas 
6. lower rainfall and shorter grasses B. less grasses  and scattered trees C. more rainfall and taller  

grasses D. less arboreal and burrowinganimals. 

38. After a heavy rainfall and the formation of a large pond,  the most likely sequence of changes in the vegetation  of the pond is 
39. Euglena- water lily –Spirogyra-grass B. waterlily – Spirogyra grass – Euglena C. Spirogyra – 

Euglena – grass – water lily D. Euglena – 

Spirogyra – water lily– grass. 

39. In a soil sample, the relative amounts of the different  soil particles can best be determined by the process of A. filtration B. centrifugation C.precipitation 
40. sedimentation. 
41. Which is the most important pollutant of the marine  environment in Nigeria? 
42. Insecticides B. Sewage C. Oil D. Inorganic  fertilizers. 
43. One of the most effective ways of controlling guinea  worm is by 

A.treating the disease B. public enlighten men  

campaigns. C. accelerating rural development D. provision of portable drinking water. 

42. During binary fission in lower organisms, thenucleus  is known to undergo 
43. mitosis B. meiosis C. fragmentation D. mutation. 
44. One reason for the success of Mendel’s work is thathe A. was the first to carry out research work on modern  genetics B. introduced quantitative and qualitative  elements into his work C. selected two characteristics  only at a time for study D. drew up his laws of  

inheritance based on his knowledge of chromosomes. 

44. The homozygo condition Hbs Hbsresults in sickle cell  anaemia whereas HbA Hbs has the sickling trait. What is  the probability that a couple with the sickling trait will  give birth to one normal child? 
45. ½ B. ¼ C. 1/8 D. 0. 
46. Which of the following characters is NOT sex-linked? A. Albinism B. Baldness. C. Haemophilia 
47. Colour blindness. 
48. Water loss is regulated in plants and animals by both the A. scales and the skin B. scales and the hair 
49. thick leaves and the feathers D. leathery curticle  and the feathers. 
50. What combination of charactersshould a prey develop  to survive in the environment of its predator? 
51. Camouflage, well developled limbs andeffective  vision. B. Showy colour, big body and well  

developed limbs. C. Camouflage, big body and  effective vision. D. Show colour, well developed  muscles and an acute sense ofsmell. 

48. The three classes in a termitariumare 
49. soldiers, queen and workers B. workers,soldiers  and reproductives C. soldiers, workers and  

kings D. kings, queen and soldiers.

explanation for the theory of evolution because A. the deposits have remains of organisms  characteristic of when they were formed B. different  strata have remains of organisms of the same kind of  only organisms with strong parts are fossilized D. most animal and plant fossils bear little resemblance  to present day living specimens. 

1. use and disuse B. origin of species C. origin of life D. natural selection. 
   

Biology 1998 

1. The nucleus is considered the control organelle of a  cell because it 
2. containsthe geneticmaterial B. containsthe nuclear  sap C. is bounded by the nuclearmembrane 
3. is located at the centre of the cell. 
4. The procaryotic cell type is characterized bya A.complex cytoplasm in which different regions are  poorly defined . B. localization of differ regions of  the cell into tissues. C. collection of organelles and  macromolecular complexes D. simple cytoplasm  with well-defined regions. 
5. The natural tendency of organism as they evolve is to A. decrease in size B. increase in number C. develop  specialized structures D. feed indiscriminately. 
6. In snails, the hard calcareousshells are secreted by the A. radula B. ctendium C. pneumostome D. mantle 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 5 and 6.

5. The structure labelled I is formed as a result of the  fusion of 
6. two pairs of nuclei B. several pairs of nucleis C. a pair of nuclei D. two pairs ofnucleoli. 
7. The special name of the part labelled II is A. gemetangium B. hypha C.suspensor 
8. zygospore 
9. The ability of the cockroach to live in cracks and  crevices is enhanced by the possession of 
10. wings and segmented body B. compound eyes C. claws on the legs D. dorso-ventrally flattened body. 
11. The case of termites that lacks pigmentation isthe A. king B. worker C. solder D. queen. 
12. The structures that prevent food particles from  escaping through the fish gills are calledgill 
13. arches B. filamentsC. rakers D. lamellae. 
14. A distinguishing feature ofmammalsisthe possession of A. skin B. scale C.nail D.hair. 
15. Which of the following structures is capable of  producing more tissues in the stem of a herbaceous  flowing plant? 
16. EpidermisB. PericycleC. Xylem D. Cambium. 
17. The manufacture of carbohydrates by plants takes  place only in 
18. the leaves B. the green stems C. chlorophylous  parts D. flowering plants. 
19. In a water culture experiment, a plant showed poor  growth and yellowing of the leaves. These may be due  to deficiency of 
20. copper B. iron C. magnesium D. calcium. 
21. In million’s test, when the reagent is added to a protein  food item, a white precipitate is produced which turns  A blue on heating B. yellow on heating 
22. green on heating D. red on heating. 
23. Regulation of blood sugar level takes place in the A. pancreas B. ileum C. liver. D. kidney. 
24. Unicellular organisms transport essential nutrients  directly to all parts of their bodies by the process of  diffusion because, they have 
25. a large volume to surfacearea ratio B. a large s  urface area to volume ratio C. their bodies immersed  in the nutrients D. their outer membrane made of  cellulose. 
26. The heat of the adult frog consists of 
27. two auricles and two ventricles B. one auricle and  one ventiricle B. one auricle and oneventricle 
28. two ventricles and one auricles D. one ventricle  and two auricles.
29. Inadultmammalianblood,thecellswhichlacknucleusarethe  A The diaphragm and intercostals musclesrelax B. The thoracic cavityincreases in volume 
30. The diaphragm and intercostals muscles contract D.The diaphragm contracts and the intercostals  muscles to relax. 
31. Which of the following movement occurduring  exhalation? 

A.thediaphragm contractsand theintercostalsmusclesrelax. 20. In which ofthe following groups of animals is the  Malpighian tubule found? 

A.Lizards, snakes and frogs B. Crickets, houseflies  and grasshoppers C. Millipedes, centipedes and  scorpions D. Earthworms, roundworms and  

flatworms. 

21. Which of the following is not a function of the  mammalian skeleton? 
22. Protection B. Respiration C. Transportation 
23. Support. 

Use the diagram below to answer question 23 and 22.

22. The ovary represented is 
23. half-superior B. inferior C. superior D.half-inferior. 
24. The corolla is partly represented by 
25. I B.II C.III D. IV. 
26. The most reliable estimate of growth is by measuring  changes in 
27. length B. volume C. surface area D. dry weight. 
28. A dry fruit formed from two or more carpels containing  several seeds is a 
29. follicle B. legume C. capsule D. schizocarp. 
30. Theoutermostembryonicmembranein themammalisthe A. amnion B. chorion C. allantois. D. yolk sac. 
31. The small masses of nervous tissues in which many  neurons have their nuclei are called 
32. dorsal roots B. ventral roots C. ganglia 
33. synapses. 
34. A group of organisms of different species living ina  particular area is described as a 
35. colony B. community C. population D. niche. 
36. Which of the following is the direct consequence of  transferring energy from one trophic level to another? 
37. An increase in biomass B. A decrease in the  efficiency of energy conversion C. An increase in  the numbers of resulting individuals 
38. A decrease in the resulting biomass. 
39. The condition that encourages denitrification is A. low soil oxygen B. high soil nitrogen C. absenceof  soil bacteria D. lightning and thunderstorm. 
40. A freshwater plant such as water lily can solve the  problem of buoyancy by the possession of 
41. aerenchymarous tissues B. dissected leaves  C.. thin cell walls of the epidermis 
42. water-repelling epidermis. 
43. The sequence of the biomes in Nigeria from Port  Harcourt toDamaturu is 
44. estuarine ’! rain forest ’! Guinea savannah ’! Sahel  savannah B. rain forest ’! Guinea savannah ’!  

estuarine ’! desert C. estuarine ’! Guinea savannah  ’! rain forest ’! Sahel savannah D. rain forest ’!  estuarine ’! Guinea savannah ’! desert. 

33. Soil micro-organisms are beneficial because oftheir  involvement in 
34. photosynthesis B. translocation C. cycling of  nutrients D. respiration using soil air. 
35. Which of the following groups of diseases are  associated with water? I Onchocerciasis II  

SchistosomiasisIII. DracunculiasisIV.ElephantiasisV.  Taeniasis. 

1. I,II and III B. II, IVand V C. II, III and IV D. I, II and V. 
2. One of the waysin which bodycells differ from gamete  cells is inthe 
3. type of centromeres they contain B. number of  chromosome pairs they contain C. type of  

chromatids they contain D. number of  

chromosomes they contain. 

36. In blood transfusion, agglutination occurs when A. white blood cellsfrom two individuals meet 
37. two different antibodies meet C. two different  antigens meet D. contrasting antigens and  

antibodies meet. 

Use the diagram below to answer question 37 and 38.

The alternate depletion patterns of mineral resources over time. 37. The unrestricted pattern is presented by A. I B.II C.III D.IV.

38. The line thatrepresents efficient recycling combined  with stringent conservation is 

A.IV B.III C.II D.I. 

39. After one week of life, the weights offive chicks of the  same sex hatched simultaneously from the eggs the  same hen and fed on the same diet were 45g, 40g 35g,  33, and 30g. Thisis an example of 
40. growth rate B. natural selection C. variation D. mutation. 
41. The phenotype of an individual can be summed up as  the 
42. totality of the expressed traits B. individual’s  physical appearance C. individual’s entire genetical  make-up D. physiological traits of the individual. 
43. The correct increasing order of size for the cell  compoents responsible for heredity is 
44. chromosome DNA nucleus gene 
45. DNA Gene chromosome nucleus
46. Chromosome nucleus DNA gene 
47. DNA gene nucleus chromosome. 
48. A sex-linked character cannot be passed on directly  from 
49. father to son B. mother to daughter C. mother to  son D. father to daughter. 
50. The biological association that contributes directly to  succession in a community is 
51. competition B. predation C. parasitism 
52. commensalism. 
53. The group of insects that have mouth parts adapted  for both piercing and sucking is 
54. cockroaches, aphids and mosquitoes B. aphids,  houseflies and moths C. mosquitoes, tsetse flies and  aphids D. aphids, beetles and grasshoppers. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 45 and 46.

45. The bird’s bill adapted for fishing islabeled  A I B.II C.III D.IV. 
46. Toes of the feet ending in a sharp, curved hook suitable  for holding and tearing are most likely to belong to the  bird with the bill in 
47. I B.II C.III D.IV. 
48. In the honey bee colony, the drones are 

A sterile males with reduced mouth parts B. sterile  ales with well-developed mouth parts C. fertile  

males with reduced mouth parts D. fertile males  

with well-developed mouth parts. 

48. In the whistling pine leaves are reduced to brown scale  and young stems are green. This is an adaptation for A.obtaining food B. conserving nutrients C. storing  water D. reducing transpiration. 
49. Thebest explanation for thetheories ofnaturalselection  isthat 

A all organisms have equal capacity for survival in  their habitats B. organisms have varying capacities  for survival in their habitats C. organisms compete  or resources and better competitors survive and  

thrive D. habitats allow only organisms that will  

not have to complete for survival. 

50. The basic point of impact by changes which produce  mutation isthe 
51. gametes B. chromosomes C. phenotype D. zygote. 
    

Biology 1999 

1. The habitat of the cysticercus of Taenia solium is A. alimentary canal ofcattle B. muscles of pig C. alimentary canal of pig D. muscles of cattle 
2. The organism that has a hydrostatic skeleton is A. Tilapia B. Hydra C. Mosquito larva 
3. Earthworm 
4. These possession of scales, laying of eggs with shells  and bony structure of the head are characteristics s  hared by 
5. birds and reptiles B. fishes and birds 
6. reptiles and fishes D. birds and molluscs 
7. The group of Arthropods that has no antennae is the A. crustacca B. chilopoda C. arachnida 
8. diplopoda 
9. The structure that is most commonly identified in all  living cells under the light microscope is the 
10. mitochondrion B. chloroplast 
11. nucleus D. ribosome 
12. Which of the following is an organ? 
13. guard cell B. liver C. xylem bundle D. blood 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 7 and 8

7. The structure labelled II is usedfor 
8. tasting B. feeling C. biting D. sucking 
9. The structure labelled III represents the A. mandible B. palp C. proboscis D. labium 
10. The division of a body into two equal halves along a l  ongitudinal plane is called 
11. bilateral symmetry B. transverse section 
12. radial symmetry D. longitudinalsection 
13. In which of the following organisms does each cell  combinethe function ofnutrition,reproduction andgrowth? A. Rhizopus B. Dryopteris C. Brachymenium 
14. Spirogyra 
15. The key event in the transition of the amphibians from  water to land isthe 
16. replacement of the gills with lungs B. possession  of webbed limbs C. development of long hind 
17. limbs. D. possession of tympanic  

membrane 

12. In plant cells, the chloroplasts are located A. inside the cell wall B. outside theprotoplasm C. within the vacuole D. within the cytoplasm 
13. In woody stems, gaseous exchange take place through the A. micropyles B. stomata C. lenticels 
14. vessels 
15. Substances manufactured by the leaves are transported  to other parts of the plant through the 
16. xylem B. companion cells C. sieve tubes D. cambium 
17. After a meal of yam has been digested the highest  concentration of glucose is to be found in the 
18. hepatic artery B. pulmonary vein 
19. hepatic portal vein D. posterior vena cava 
20. The dark reaction of photosynthesis involves A. fixationofcarbon (IV)oxidetogive asix-carbon sugar B. fixation of carbon (IV) oxide with the help ofoxygen  

C . useof carbon (IV)oxideto produceglucoseusingATP D. uhfixationofcarbon(IV)oxideon chlorophyllusinghydrogen 

17. Mammals acclimatize to reduced oxygen content at  high altitudes by 
18. the stimulation of marrow to reduce the amount of  erythrocytes produced B. increasing the rate at  which erythrocytes are destroyed 
19. the stimulation of marrow to produce more  

erythrocytes D. increasing the breakdown of the  protein portion of the erythrocytes 

18. The modes of nutrition in Nitrobacteri Ascaris and  Homo sapiens respectively are 
19. photosynthetic B. chemosynthetic, parasitic and  holozoic C. photosynthetic, parasitic and  

heterophytic D. chemosynthetic, holophytic  

and holozoic 

19. The richest sources of vitamin A are 
20. palm oil and groundnut oil B. palm oil and carrots C. rice and groundnut oil D. oranges and carrots 
21. The force that holds water together in the form ofa  stream within the xylem tube isthe 
22. cohesion of water molecules to one another by  hydrogen bonds B. force of gravity attracting  

the water molecules through the hydrogen bonds 

1. attractionbetweenthewaterandxylembyosmoticforce D. normal flowof water from the ground with the help  of gravitational force. 
2. Yellowing of leaves is a symptom associated with  deficiency of 
3. iron, calcium and magnesium B. nitrogen,sulphur  and potassium C. sulphur, phosphorus and iron 
4. magnesium, nitrogen and iron 
5. The lymphatic system of mammals rejoins the blood  circulatory system at the 
6. hepatic vein B. subclavian vein C. renal vein 
7. common iliac vein 
8. In dissection, the rib cage of a mammal hasto be opened  in order to expose the 
9. diaphragm B. liver C. heated D. sternum 
10. Fertilization in humans usually takes place in the A. lower part of the uterus B. upper part of the uterus C. lower part of the oviduct D. upper part of the  

oviduct 

25. Insects visit flowers in order to 
26. feed on the nectar B. deposit pollen on the stigma C. pollinate the flowers D. transfer pollen fromanthers 
27. In epigeal germination, the cotyledons are A. carried above the ground by the elongating hypocotyls B. pulled underground bythe elongating hypocotyls 
28. pulled underground bythe elongating epicotyl 
29. carriedabovethe ground bythe elongating epicotyl 
30. Bacteria multiply rapidly bymeans of 
31. budding B. fragmentation C. binary fission 
32. spore formation 
33. Thecorrectsequencefortheoperationofsmellinmammalsis A. chemicals⓪olfactorynerve endings⓪brain B. dissolved chemicals⓪nasalsensorycell⓪brain C. chemicals⓪mucusmembrane⓪sensorycells⓪brain D. dissolved chemicals⓪sensory cells⓪olfactory nerve ⓪ brain 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 29 and 30

29. The part labelled III isfor 
30. protection B. insulation C. lubrication 
31. growth 
32. The structure labelled II is known as 
33. sweat gland B. lymph vessel C. blood vessel D. nerve ending 
34. In mammals, the organ which performs digestive and  endocrine functions is the 
35. liver B. pancreas C. gastric gland D. salivarygland 
36. The chitin in the exoskeleton of many arthropod is  strengthened by 
37. calcium compounds B. organic salts 
38. lipids D. proteins 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 33 and 34

33. The structure labelled II articulates with III to form a A. sliding joint B. hinge joint C. pivotjoint 
34. ball-and-socket joint 
35. Which of the bones is the radius? 
36. I B. II C. III D. IV 
37. The construction of dams may lead to an increase in  the prevalence of 
38. typhoid fever, measles and yellow fever 
39. tuberculosis, leprosy and typanosomiasis 
40. guinea worm, malaria andtuberculosis 
41. malaria, bilharziasis andonchocerciasis 
42. Floating microscopic heterotrophs are mostlygrouped as A. phytoplankton B. zooplankton C. microbes 
43. nekton 
44. Vaccination is carried out in order to 
45. check the production of poison 
46. increase the activityof white blood cells 
47. increase the number of red blood cell 
48. stimulate the production of antibodies 
49. Asoil consistingofalumina and iron (II)oxideis known as A. loamy soil B. clayey soil C. laterite D. podzol. 
50. The sign + is used to indicate an association where an  organism gains, while 0 is used where an organism is  unaffected. An association indicated as + 0 is knownas A. predation B. commensalism C. parasitism 
51. competition 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 40 and 41 40. Primary consumers are found in 

1. 1,2,and 3 B. 1,3 and 7 C. 2,3 and 7 D. 2,4 and 5 
2. Thebiomassislikelytoincreasein thesequence  A. 1⓪2⓪4⓪5 B. 1⓪3⓪4⓪5 
3. 3⓪5⓪6⓪7D. 5⓪4⓪3⓪1 
4. Which of the following characterized the white  mangrove? 
5. prop roots B. buttress roots C. breathing roots 
6. stilt roots 
7. If the offspring of a cross between brown mouse (bb)  and a black mouse (BB) are allowed to interbreed, how  many different genotypes would result? 
8. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 
9. The biological factor that is unique to each individual  is the 
10. DNA B. eye colour C. blood group E. RNA 
11. From an evolutionary standpoint, the older a fossil bearing rock is the more likely it is to contain 
12. aves as opposed to amphibians 
13. invertebrates as opposed vertebrates 
14. angiosperms as opposed to algae 
15. vertebrates as opposed to invertebrates. 
16. The very bright colours in some types of mushroom A. are a warning that they may be poisonous 
17. indicate that they are verytasty 
18. attract potential transporters of their spores 
19. performthe samefunction asbright coloursin flowers 
20. The least adaptive feature for arboreal life isthat A. possession of four limbs B. possession of claws C. development of a long tail D. counter shading of  coat colour 
21. Which of the following is one of Lamarck’s theories? A.some variations are more favorable to existence in a  given environment than others 
22. all living organismsareconstantlyinvolved in a struggle  for existence C.the size of a given population remains  fairly constant 
23. newspeciesoriginate through the inheritanceofacquired  traits. 
24. The loud cry made by a brooding hen when a predator  is around is meant to
25. alert the poultry attendants 
26. attract cocks to come and fight the predator C. advertise the boundaries of its territory to intruders D. warn its chicksand other chickensofimpendingdanger 
27. The most important environmental factorwhich  epiphytes in the rain forest compete for is 
28. water B. nutrient C. light D. space 
    

Biology 2000 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 1 and 2 1. Thepartthatwilldevelopintoan organforfeeling islabelled A. IV B. III C. II D. I 

2. The part labelled II is the 
3. silk thread B. thorax C. fore wing D. anchor 
4. Which of the following features are all associated with  monocots? 
5. Fibrousrootsystem, branched network of veins and one  seed leaf B. Fibrous root system, two seed leaves and f  loral partsin threes C. One seed leaf, petalsin threes or  groupsofthreesand parallel venation ofleaves 
6. One seedleaf, net-veined leaves and petalsin three or  multiples ofthree 
7. The set of fins that controls steering, balancing and  change of direction and pitch in fish is 
8. dorsal and anal B. pectoral and pelvic 
9. caudal and dorsal D. anal and pelvic 
10. The most recently evolved structure in animals is the A. hair B. cilium C. scale D. feather 
11. Coelom is absent in the class of animals termed A. mollusca B. reptilia C. arthropoda D. coelenterata 
12. Acharacteristicofvertebratesthat isuniquetomammalsis A. the presence of pentadactyl limbs 
13. parental care C. the possession of scrotum 
14. pulmonary circulation 
15. The order in which organic evolution has progressed in  plants is 
16. thallophyta, schizophyta, bryophyta, pteridophyta  and spermatophyta B. schizophyta, thallophyta,  bryophyta, pteridophyta and spermatophyta 
17. pteridophyata, spermatophyta, thallophyta,  

schizophyta and bryophyta D. bryophyta,  

pteridophyta, spermatophyta, thallophyta and  

schizophyta. 

9. In which part of the human body does the secretion of  the growth hormone occur? 
10. head region B. waist region C. neck region 
11. gonads 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 10 and 11

10. The parts labelled I and II make up the 
11. glomerulus B. convoluted tubules 
12. malpighian body D. bowman’s capsule 
13. In mammals, re-absorption ofsalt takes place in A. IV B. III C. II D. I 
14. The part of the brain that controls body posture in  mammalsisthe 
15. thalamus B. cerebrum C. spinal cord D. cerebrum 
16. Peripheral arrangement of vascular tissues in dicots is  a characteristic of the internal structureof the 
17. leaf B. petiole C. steam D. root 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 14 and 15

14. The substance labelled II originatesfrom A. III only B. IV only C. I and IV D. III and IV
15. The gas occupying the space labelled I is A. carbon (IV) oxide B. nitrogen 
16. hydrogen D.oxygen 
17. The scapula and the ischium are part ofthe A. pectoral girdle B. pelvic girdle 
18. appendicular skeleton D. hind limb 
19. Bacteriain thelargeintestineofmanareimportantin the A. synthesis of vitamins K and B2
20. digestion of vegetables. C. synthesis of vitamins A and D D. absorption of water. 
21. Short-sightedness can be corrected by lenses whichare A. convex B. biconvex C. plano-convex 
22. conoave 
23. The inner ear contains twomain organs, namely, the A. eardrum and eustachinan tube B. cochlea and  semi-circular canals C. oval window and ossicles D. pinna and cochlea 
24. For growth to occur in organisms, the rate of A. food storages must be low 
25. catabolism must exceed that of anabolism 
26. anabolism must exceed that ofcatabolism 
27. food storage must be high 
28. The production of violet colouration, when dilute Na0H  solution is added to a solution of food substance,  followed by drops of 1 % CUSO4solution while making  indicates the presence of 
29. protein B. carbohydrates C. fats 
30. reducing sugar 
31. The greatest amount of energy will be obtained by the  oxidation of 100kgof 
32. meat B. butter C. sugar D. biscuits 
33. The chamber ofthe mammalian heart with the thickest  wall isthe 
34. right ventricle B. left auricle C. right auricle D. leftventricle 

Use the graph below to answer questions 25 and 26. 

24. Serum differs from blood plasma because it. A. contains blood cell and fibrinogen 
25. contains soluble food and mineral salts 
26. lacks the blood proteinfibrinogen 
27. lacks blood cells and albumin 
28. The part labelled II is the 
29. mesocarp B. pericarp C. endocarp 
30. epicarp 
31. The fruit represented is mainly dispersed by A. animals B. water C. wind D. birds 
32. In an experiment to estimate the volume of air in a soil  sample using a measuring cylinder, it was found that:  Initial volume of water = p cm3 Volume of soil before  mixing with water = q cm 3 Final volume of water after  adding soil=r cm3. From the data above, which of the  

following deductions is correct? 

1. r=p+q B. r>p+q C. q=r-p D. r<p+q 
2. An ecological succession often leads to 
3. an increase in species diversity B. a decrease in  

species diversity C. an unstable community 

1. the dispersal of species 
2. Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to soil nitrogen for  plant use by 
3. nitrification and combustion B. putrefaction andlighting C. lighting and nitrification D. combustion and putrefaction 
4. I High birth rate and high immigration rate II Lowbirth  rate and high immigration rate III Low mortality rate  and lowemigration rate IV High mortality rate and high  emigration rate. 

Which combination of the above can cause rapid  

overcrowding in climaxbiotic communities and human  settlements? 

1. II and III B. I and III C. I and IV D. I and II 

Use the graph below to answer questions 31 and 32. 31. Thesoil becomestoxicto plantswhen the 

concentration of its essential elements is in therangelabelled A. IV B. III C. II D. I 

32. The range at which soil essential element concentration  isrecorded for optimal plant growth is marked 
33. IV B. III C. II D. I 
34. Which of the following growth activities in plants is  brought about by gibberellins? 
35. Rapid cell division B. Tropic response 
36. Cell elongation D. Main stem elongation 
37. Which of the following are adaptations of animals to  aquatic habitats? 
38. Gillsstreamlined bodies and lateral line 
39. Lateral line, streamlined bodies and lungs
40. Gills, scaly skin and lungs 
41. Gills, streamlined bodies andspiracles 
42. Which ofthe following is an adaptation offorestspecies? A. Few stomata B. Thick bark C. Buttress roots D. Reduced leaves 
43. In a food chain, each succeeding level in a forward  direction, represent? 
44. an increase in the number of individuals 
45. a decrease in the number of individuals 
46. an increase in the biomass of individuals 
47. a gain in the total energy being transferred. 
48. The disaster that would have the least destructive  impact on animal life and balance in nature is 
49. chemical pollution B. forestfires 
50. oil spillage D. grasshopper pests 
51. The legs and beak of an egret resemble those of the  heron because they 
52. both feed on fishes B. are both birds 
53. occupy similar niche D. occupythe same trophiclevel 
54. The factors that determine the distribution of vegetable  zones are 
55. temperature, light, rain andhumidity 
56. light, humidity, air and mist C. temperature, light,  air and humidity D. humidity, snow, frost anddew 
57. A cross between an albino female and a genetically  normal male will result in offspring that are 
58. all albino B. all phenotypicallynormal 
59. all genetically normally D. halfalbinoand halfnormal 
60. The pollutants that contribute to the depletion of the  ozone layer in theatmosphere are 
61. radioactive materials B. oxides ofsulphur 
62. oxides of carbon D. chlorofluorocarbons 
63. The surest way to combine the best qualities of both  parents and the offspring is by 
64. cross-breeding B. inbreeding C. selective breeding D. pure breeding 
65. Blood grouping in human beings is derived from  combination of 
66. two different alleles B. four different alleles 
67. three different alleles D. two different genes. 
68. The older fossil-bearing rocks, in contras to the more  recent ones, are more likely to contain 
69. animals rather than plant remains B. invertebrates  rather than birds C. flowering plants rather than  mosses D. reptiles rather thatfishes 
70. In a group of male Agama lizards, the one brightest  head colour is the 
71. dominant B. youngest C. oldest D. largest 
72. Examples of water-borne and sex-linked disease are A. taeniasis an malaria B. cholera and gonorrhoea C. typhoid and syphilis D. dracunculiasisand haemophilia 
73. The mutation theory of organic evolution was  propounded by 
74. Gregor Mendel B. Hugo Vries 
75. Jean Lamarck D. Charles Darwin 
76. A certain savanna grasshopper changes colour from  green during the rainy season tobrown during the dry  season bush fires. The reason for these colour changes  is that the 
77. grasshopper is getting older 
78. environment temperature ischanging 
79. grasshopper is avoiding predation 
80. grasshopper is frequentlymoulting 
81. Complex social behaviou and organization arefound  mostly in 
82. insects B. birds C. reptiles D. mammals 
83. Which of the following structural features are adapted  for uses other than water conservation? 
84. Succulent stems B. Scales in aannals 
85. Spines in plants D. Feathers in birds 
86. An association between the root nodule of a  

Biology 2001 

4. The jointed structure in insectsthat bears organs which  

leguminous plants and rhizobium sp is known as A. commensalism B. mycorrhiza C. parasitism D. symbiosis 

2. Amphibians are normally found 
3. on dry land and in water B. inwater andonmoistland C. on moist land D. in water 
4. Viviparity occurs mainly in the 
5. mammals B. reptiles C. aves D. amphibians 

are sensitive to touch, smell and vibration isthe A. maxilla B. labium C. antenna D. abdomen 

5. Which of the following groups is the most advanced? A. Pteridophytes B. Bryophytes 
6. Thallophytes D. Gymnosperms 
7. Most monocots are easily recognized by their A. short leaves with petioles B. long and sword-like  leaves C. long and palm-like leaves 
8. short leaves with many veinlets
9. Waterfleas, wood lice and barnacles belongto the group A. arachnida B. crustacea C. insecta D. chilopoda 
10. The mode of feeding in Amoeba and Hydra is A. heterotrophic B. holophytic C. autotrophic 
11. symbiotic 
12. Which of the following organisms does not exist as a  single free livingcell? 
13. Paramecium B. Volvox C. Amoeba 
14. Chlamydomonas 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 10 and 11

10. The structureslabelled II and III respectively are A. female organs and rhizoid B. male organs and  rhizoid C. sporophyte and sori D. annulus and  stalk ofsporangium 
11. In ferns, the structure above is equivalent to the A. zygote of a moss B. gametophytegenerationofamoss C. sporophyte generation of a moss 
12. sporophyte of a moss 
13. Thecentreforlearningandmemoryinthehuman brain isthe A. medulla oblongata B. cerebellum 
14. cerebrum D. olfactory lobe 
15. Urea formation occurs in the 
16. heart B. liver C. lung D. kidney 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 14 and 15

14. The structure that holdsthe yolk in position is labelled A. II B. I C. IV D. III 
15. The part labelled IV isthe 
16. albumen B. germinal disc C. sturdy D. stunted 
17. The gas produced during tissue respiration can be  identified by using 
18. calcium hydroxide B. copper sulphate 
19. calcium carbonate D. sodium hydroxide 
20. A seedling grown in the dark is likely to be A. etiolated B. dormant C. sturdy D. stunted 
21. The enzyme invertase will hydrolyze sucrose to give A. maltose and glucose B. glycerol and fatty acid C. glucose and fructose D. mannose and galactose 
22. When yeast respires anaerobically, it converts simple  sugar to carbon (IV) oxide and 
23. oxygen B. acid C. alcohol D. water 
24. The transportation of oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide in  mammalsis carried out by 
25. leucocytes B. thrombocytes C. phagocytes 
26. erythrocytes 
27. The veins of the leaf are formed by the 
28. vascular bundles B. cambiumcells 
29. palisade tissue D. spongy mesophyll 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 22 and 23 22. The parts which function together to bring about  hearing are labelled. 

1. IV, V and VI B. I, II, IV and VI C. I, II, III and IV D. I, II and IV 
2. The part labelled II is the 
3. fenestra ovalis B. middle ear canal 
4. internal auditory meatus D. ear ossicles 
5. When specimen X is mixed with few drops of iodine  solution, the appearance of a blue-black colour confirms  that X is 
6. Galactose B. Starch C. Sucrose D. Glucose 

Use the diagram below to answer question 25 and 26 25. The structure above represents a 

1. caudal vertebra B. lumbarvertebra 
2. thoracic vertebra D. cervical vertebra 
3. Blood vessels usually pass through the structure labelled A. III B. II C. V D. IV 
4. Salts and water are absorbed in the roots and  transported to the leaves by
5. diffusion through the xylem tissues B. osmosis  through the phloem tissues C. diffusion through  the phloem tissues D. osmosis through the xylem  tissues 
6. The number of plant species obtained from a population  study of a garden is as follows: Guinea grass (15),  Ipomoeas SSP, (5), sida spp (7) and Imperata spp (23)  What isthe percentageofoccurrenceofImperat, q spp? 
7. 35% B. 16% C. 46% D. 23% 
8. Carbon (IV) oxide content of the atmosphere isleast  affected by 
9. cutting down and clearing of forest B. forest fires C. burning of fossil fuels D. plant and animal respiration 
10. The factor that least affects food shortages in sub Saharan Africais 
11. flooding B. pests C. mixed-cropping D. drought 
12. The epiphytic habitat can best be described as A. arboreal B. estuarine C. aquatic D. terrestrial 
13. The highest percentage of energy in an ecosystem  occurs at the level of the 
14. secondary consumers B. decomposers 
15. producers D. primary consumers 
16. The greatest influence on a stable ecosystem in nature  is exerted by 
17. man B. pollution C. animals D. rainfall 
18. A freshwater pond may contain 
19. tadpole, water boatman, leeches and crab 
20. water beetle, shrimps, water snail and waterbug C. water lily, fish, water scorpion and dragontlylarva D. pond skater, water lily, shark and mosquito larva 
21. The hygrometer is used formeasuring 
22. relative humidity B. specific gravity 
23. rainfall D. salinity 
24. The distribution of plants in a rain forest in governed  mainly by 
25. vegetation B. soil types C. amount ofsunlight D. rainfall pattern 
26. Both recessive and dominant characters are found A. on different chromosomes in the cell 
27. at the same locus of a homologous chromosome C. mother’s sex cell D. mother’s X chromosome 
28. The probability of a baby being a boy or a girl depends  on the condition of the 
29. father’s sex cell B. father’s somatic chromosome C. mother’s sex cell D. mother’s X chromosome 
30. Which of the following statements is true of blood  groups and blood transfusion? 
31. Group O isthe universal recipient 
32. Group A can donate to group A only 
33. GroupABisthe universal recipient 
34. Which ofthe following islikelyto encourage inbreeding  in plants 
35. Dioecious B. Protandrous C. Manoecious 
36. Hermaphrodite 
37. A tall plant crossed with a dwarf on produces offspring  of which half are tall and half are dwarf 

what are the genotypes of the parents? 

1. TT, TT B. Tt, Tt C. TT, tt D. Tt, Tt 
2. In man, the ability to roll the tongue is a variation  classified as 
3. anatomical B. physiological C. structural 
4. morphological 
5. Darwin is considered the first scientist who correctly  explained the theoryof 
6. special creation B. spontaneous generation 
7. use and disuse D. organic evolution 
8. The stem of a typical aquatic plant usually hasmany A. air cavities B. intercellular spaces 
9. water cavities D. water-conducting cells. 
10. The role of the male adult honey bee isto A. clean the hive B. ventilate the hive 
11. mate with the queen D. care for the young 
12. The ability of an organism to live successfully in an  environment is known as 
13. resistance B. competition C. succession 
14. adaptation 
15. The most important adaptation of xerophytes is the  ability of the protoplasmto 
16. resist being damaged by loss of water 
17. store sugar and minerals in thevacuoles 
18. absorb water and swell 
19. shrink from the cellwall 
20. A green snake in green grass is able to escape notice  from predators because of its 
21. disruptive colouration B. countershiping 
22. warning colouration D. cryptic colouration 
23. For heterotrophic organisms, competition isleas caused  by the inadequacy of 
24. mates B. space C. light D. nutrients
    

Biology 2002 

1. An Amoeba and an unlaid chicken eggs are A. animal tissues B. organelles C. single cell 
2. organisms 
3. In corns food is usually stored in the 
4. leaves B. stems C. roots D. buds 
5. The animals that move by means of flagella include A.Chlamydomonas and Euglena B. Planaria and  Amoeba C. Amoeba and Hydra D. Paramecium a  nd Planaria 
6. The structures found only in plant cells are A. cell membrane and cytoplasm B. chromatin and  nucleolus C. cell wall and chloroplast 
7. cell membrane and lysosome 

5.. A flower that has both stamens and pistil is said to be A. staminate B. pistillate C. perfect D. imperfect 

6. When oil is poured into the breeding site ofmosquitoes, it A. deprives the larvae of water B. kills the adults C. suffocates the pupae D. slows down egg  

development. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 7 and 8

7. The correct evolutionary sequence of the organisms  represented is 
8. I⓪III⓪II⓪IV B. I⓪I⓪IV⓪IC. III⓪II⓪IV⓪IV 
9. IV⓪II⓪III⓪I 
10. Ovoviparity is the type of fertilization exhibited by the  organism labelled 
11. I B. II C. III D. IV 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 9 and 10 9. In the diagram, the hawk is A. an omnivore B. a primary consumer 

1. a tertiary consumer D. a scavenger 
2. Example of competitorsare 
3. lizard and mouse B. snake andlizard 
4. grasshopper and mouse D. rabbit and snake 
5. One of the adaptations to life on trees by a monkey is  its possession of digits which are 
6. extensible B. big C. opposable D.long 
7. The community of plants in which the same species  occur from year to year isthe 
8. annual species B. pioneer vegetation 
9. perennial species D. climax vegetation 
10. The most common means of transmitting Acquired  Immune DeficiencySyndrome (AIDS) is 
11. from mother to child B. through bloodtransfusion C. through sexual intercourse D. through the sharing  of needles 
12. Plantstend to preventovercrowding bymeansof efficient A. water uptake B. seed germination 
13. pollination D. seed dispersal 
14. The physical and climatic factors of a region primarily  determine the 

A.kinds of animals inhabiting the area B. types of  plants found in the area C. nature of the soil in the  region D. community of organisms in the region 

16. A step in the movement of energy through an  ecosystem is a description that best fits the term A. food chain B. trophic level C. pyramid ofnumbers D. food web 
17. In a field experiment the frequency of waterleaf was  observed to be 48 after 20 tosses of a 2m2 quadrant.  What is the density of the plant in the field? 
18. 1.2per m2 B. 2.4per m2 C. 4.8perm2
19. 9.6per m2
20. The supporting tissue of xylem is most poorly  developed in 
21. mangrove swamp plants B. grasslandplants 
22. submerged water plants D. desert plants 
23. The addition of lime to claysoil serve to A. aid water retention B. close up thetexture 
24. prevent water-logging D. improve capillary action 
25. The excessive use of agro-chemicals could lead to the  pollution of 
26. the lithosphere B. the atmosphere 
27. fresh water D. space 
28. In a population study using the transect method, a  student islikelyto record the highest number ofspeciesin A. a tropical rain forest B. a guinea savanna 
29. a sahel savanna D. an estuarine swamp
30. In his theory of evolution, Darwin implied that A. the struggled for existence among living organisms  is sporadic 
31. the most successful organisms are those that best  adapt to their environment 
32. organs ofthe body which are not regularly, used by  an organism will disappear 
33. ny traits acquired by an organism during itslifetime  can e passed on to its offspring 
34. The carnassial teeth of a carnivorous animal consistsofthe A. last upper premolar and the first lower molar 
35. last upper molar and the last lower molar 
36. first upper premolar and the first lower molar 
37. first upper molar and the first lower molar 
38. A featureofthe caste systems of bees and termitesisthat A. the workers are sterile B. the kings are bigger than  the queens C. only the worker perform duties 
39. nuptial fight is performed by all members 
40. The structure that is common in the embryos of  mammals, amphibians, birds, fishes and reptiles and  which is an evidence of their common ancestry isthe A. eye B. chorion C. allantois B. gillslits 
41. Animals are restive when the environment in which  they live becomes 
42. hot and dry B. cold and wet C. warm and humid D. windy and snowy 
43. Birds which are large with long straight pointed beaks,  long necks and long legs are likelyto be 
44. insect eaters B. fish catchers C nectar feeders D. fruit eaters 
45. Examples of organismsin which extracellular digestion  occurs are 
46. Fungus, Loranthus and housefly 
47. Rhizopus, sponges and earthworm C. Roundworm,  tapeworm and Hydra 
48. Rhizopus, housefly and Hydra 
49. Themammalian erythrocytesdifferfromerythrocytesare A. discoid and nucleated B. discoid and enucleated C. amoeboid and nucleated D. amoeboid and  

enucleated 

30. The presence of endoskeleton is characteristic of A. invertebrata B. vertebrata C. insecta 
31. coelenterata 
32. The capture and digestion of insects by a pitcher plant  is a special form of nutrition termed 
33. autotraphic B. heterotrophic C chemosynthetic D. saprophytic 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 32 and 33 32. Which of the following statements is correct about the  experiment? 

1. The flask must be of the conical type 
2. Caustic soda can be replaced with distilled water C. The enclosed leaf will lose its green colour 
3. The leaves outside the flask serve as control 
4. The experimentalset-up can beusedto demonstrate that A. light is necessary for photosynthesis 
5. oxygen is necessary for photosynthesis 
6. photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of plants 
7. carbon (IV) oxide is necessary for photosynthesis 
8. When a marine fish was taken from theocean and put  in a tank of fresh water, it died after a short period  because 
9. the tank wastoo small compared to the large ocean B. the body cells of the fish swelled and burst as a  result of the hypotonic fresh water 
10. the body cells of the fish shrank as their sap was  hypertonic to be fresh water 
11. there was no food in the tank, so the fish starved 
12. Which of the following pairs of organsis located in the  anterior half ofthe mammalian body cavity? 
13. Kidneys and lungs B. Heart and ovary 
14. Lungs and hearts D. Kidneys and heart 
15. The mode of nutrition exhibited by a tapeworm is A. symbiotic B. saprophytic C parasitic D.holozoic 
16. The organ located within the duodental loop in the  mammal isthe 
17. spleen B. pancreas C. liver D. gall bladder 
18. In which ofthe following groups offruitsisthe pericarp  inseparable from the seed coat? 
19. Nut B. Follicle C. Cypsela D. Cryopsis 
20. A person that is obese must avoid meals containing A. carrots and oranges B. margarine and butter 
21. beef and beans D. rice and yam 
22. Tissue respiration is importantfor the 
23. absorption of oxygen into the alveoli 
24. release of carbon (IV) oxide into the lungs 
25. release of energy for body use 
26. exhalation of carbon (IV) oxide from lungs.

Use the diagram below to answer question 41 and 42 

41. the 

The function of absorption is performed by  

structure labelled 

A.I B. II C. III D. IV 

42. The structure labelled I represents the 
43. phloem B. xylem C. cortex D. pericycle 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 43 and 44

43. The gland usually found in theposition labelled is the A. adrenal B. thyroid C. pancreatic D. pituitary 
44. A hormone secreted at IV servesto 
45. facilitate the development offacial hairs 
46. raise the level of calcium ions in the blood 
47. lower blood glucose level 
48. make the body react to emergencies 
49. To select and retain the desirable trait of large body  size with farmer has observed in his herd, the farmer  needs to 
50. feed the animals in the herd with more food 
51. cross-breed his animals with a different herd 
52. inbreed the animalsin his herd 
53. prevent diseases in his herd 
54. In a population ofliving things, the parameters ofsize,  height, weight and colour are example of 
55. discontinuous variations B. continuous variations C. physiological variations D. non-heritable variations 
56. If XN isthe dominant allele for normal vision and Xnthe  recessive allele for colour-blindness, a boy with the  genotype YXnwill 
57. have normal vision B. be colour-blind 
58. be totally blind D. be a carrier of colour-blindness 
59. The first four children of a couple were all girls. The  probability that the fifth will also be a girl is 
60. 1/5 B. ¼ C. 1/3 D. ½ 
61. Genetic counselling isimportant when a marriage is  planned between a 
62. Rh woman and Rh man B. Rh woman and Rhman C. Rh woman and Rh man D. Rh woman and Rh man 
63. What proportion of the offspring of a cross between  two heterozygous parents will exhibit the recessive  condition phenotypically? 
64. ¼ B. ½ C. ¾ D. 4/4 
    

Biology 2003 

1. The umbrella-shaped fruiting body of a fully developed  mushroom isthe 
2. mycelium B. basidium C. pileus D. stipe 

Use the diagram above to answer question 2 and 3. 

2. The processes of water loss and intake indicated by  the arrowslabelled I and II are respectively 
3. evaporation and osmosis B. exhalation and osmosis C. osmosis and diffusion D. urination and diffusion 
4. A noticeable adaptation of the animal to its aquatic  habitat is the possession of 
5. webbed digits B. four limbs C. a widemouth D. large eyes 
6. The similarity among organisms belonging to the same  group will be least within each 
7. order B. family C. species D. kingdom 
8. Hermaphroditic reproduction can be found among the A. annelids and molluscs B. pisces and amphibians C. coelenterates and platyhelminthes D. arthropods  and nematodes 
9. One distinctive feature in the life history of liverworts  isthat they exhibit 
10. vegetative reproduction B. alternation of generation C. sexual reproduction D. asexual reproduction

Use the diagram above to answer questions 7 and 8

7. Food is stored in the structure labelled 
8. IIII B. IV C. I D. II 
9. The structuresthat are common to both plant and animal  cell are labelled 
10. II and III B. III and IV C. IV and I D. I and II 
11. Thecell componentthatis presentin a prokaryoticcellisthe A. ribosome B. mitochondrion C. chloroplast 
12. nuclear envelope 
13. In the egg of a bird, the embryo is located in the A. yolk B. embryo disc C. chalaza D. albumen 
14. An insect whose economic importance is both harmful  and benefit is the 
15. butterfly B. mosquito C. blackfly D. tsetsefly Use the diagram below to answer question 12 and 13. 
16. The experiment is used to demonstrate that A.transpiration occurs through the leaves B. plants  lose water through guttation C. leaves are  

important to photosynthesis D. water is necessary  for photosynthesis 

13. In the experiment, the layer of oil serves to prevent  water loss by 
14. Osmosis B. Transpiration C. Evaporation 
15. Guttation 
16. If water that has been coloured red is poured at the  base of a wilting plant, it will appear as a red stain in the  cells of the 
17. phloem B. parenchyma C. xylem D. epidermis 
18. The stunted growth of a leguminous plant suffering  from nitrogen deficiency may be corrected by  

inoculating the soilwith 

1. saprophytic bacteria B. rhizobium 
2. denitrifying bacteria D. nitrosomonas 
3. OrganismsI, II, III and IV have surface/volume ratios  of1:2. 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 respectively.The organism that is  likely to have the most complex transport system is A. III B. IV C. II D. I 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 17 and 18

17. The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate A. the presence of carbon (IV) oxide in exhaled air B. thatinmammalsgaseousexchangetakeplacein thelungs C. the part played by the pleural cavity and diaphragm  

in respiration D. that a large amount of oxygen is  absorbed by the lungs. 

18. In the experimental set-up, therubber sheet represents  the organ called 
19. diaphragm B. lungs C. intercostal D. pleural cavity 
20. The part of the mammalian digestive systemwhere  absorption of nutrients takes place is the 
21. duodenum B. colon C. ileum D. oesophagus 

20 The dark reaction of photosynthesis involves the A. release of oxygen and the splitting of water 

1. photolysis of water and the production of starch C. reduction of carbon (IV) oxide to organic compounds D. splitting of water into hydrogen ions 
2. The most important hormone that induces the ripening  of fruit is 
3. Cytokinin B. Indole acetic acid C. Ethylene 
4. Gibberellin 
5. Metabolic production of urea is carried out in the A. urinary bladder and kidney B. pancreas 
6. kidney and malphigian tubule D. liver 
7. In mammalian males, the excretory and reproductive  system share the 
8. ureter B. testes C. vas deferens D. urethra 
9. The best method of propagating sugarcane is by A. stem cuttings B. seed sowing C. layering 
10. grafting 
11. The response of plants to external stimuli in anon directional manner is knownas 
12. nastic movement B. photropism C. tactic 
13. geotropism

Use the diagram below to answerquestions 26 and 27

26. The structure can be found in the 
27. peripheral and central nervous systems 
28. peripheral nervous system only 
29. sympathetic and parasymapathetic nervoussystems D. central nervous system only 
30. The point marked I is referred to as 
31. myelin sheath B. dendrites C. node of Ranvier D. axon 
32. Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate during A. meiosis B. cytolysis C. mitosis D. cleavage 
33. An example of a caryopsisis 
34. coconut B. tomato C. guava D. maize grain 
35. A limiting factor in a plant population near a chemical  factory is likely to be 
36. humidity B. pH C. wind D. light 
37. The pioneer organisms in ecological succession are  usually the 
38. lichens B. algae C. ferns D. mosses 
39. Mycorrhiza is an association between fungi and A. roots of higher plants B. ilamentousalgae 
40. bacteria D. protozoans 
41. A density-dependent factor that regulates the  population size of organismsis 
42. sudden flood B. disease C. fire outbreak 
43. drought 
44. The most effective method of dealing with non biodegradable pollution is by 
45. burying B. dumping C. incineration 
46. recycling 
47. Soil fertility can best be conserved and renewed by the  activities of 
48. microbes B. earthwormsv C. man D. rodents 
49. The correct sequence of biomes from northern to  southern Nigeria is 
50. estuarine⓪tropicalrainforest⓪guineasavanna ⓪sahel savanna B. sahel savanna ⓪sudan savanna⓪guinea savanna ⓪tropical 

rainforest 

⓪estuarine 

1. sahel savanna ⓪tropical rain forest⓪estuarine⓪ guinea savanna D. guinea savanna ⓪sudan  savanna ⓪tropical rainforest ⓪sahel  savanna ⓪ estuarine 
2. One exampleof fossil fuels is 
3. coral B. limestone C. firewood D. coal 
4. If the pair of allelels for baldness is given as Bb,a  female carrier will be denoted by 
5. XBXb B. XBXB C. XbY D. XBY 
6. An organism that has been extensively used to test the  chromosome theory of heredity is 
7. Homo sapiens B. Drosophilamelanogaster 
8. Zea Mays D. Musea domestica 
9. Afeatureassociatedwith theY-chromosomein humansis A. facial hairs B. prominent fingernails 
10. long eyelashes D. enlarged breast 
11. A man and his wife are both heterozygousfor the sickle cell trait. The likely percentage of their offspring that  will be either carriers or sicklersis 
12. 50% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% 
13. The type of reproduction that leeds to variation in  animal and plant populationsis 
14. budding B. vegetative C. asexual D. sexual 
15. If a DNA strand has a base sequence TCA, its  complementary strand mustbe 

A.ATG B. GAT C. AGT D. TAG 

44. Which of the following requires the use of carbon  dating to prove that evolution has occurred? 
45. biochemical similarities B. molecular records 
46. fossil records D. comparative anatomy 
47. The presence of sunken stomata and the folding of  leaves are adaptations to 
48. prevent entry of pathogens B. prevent guttation C. remove excess water D. reduce water loss 
49. Spines and shells on animals are adaptations for A.physical defence B. camouflage C. chemical  

defence D. mimicry 

47. The inactive state exhibited by an animal duringhot  dry seasons is termed 
48. aestivation B. dormancy C. resting D. hibernation 
49. An insect with a mandibulate mouth part will obtain its  food by 
50. chewing B. chewing and sucking C. sucking 
51. biting and chewing 
52. An example of cryptic colouration is the  A.bright marks on a poisonous tropical frog on 

variegated leaves B. bright colour of an insect 

pollinated flower C. mottled colours on mothsthat  rest on lichens D. green colour of a plant 

50. An argument against Lamarck’s heory of evolution is that  A .acquired traits cannot be passed onto the offspring B. disuse of body part cannot weaken the part 
51. disused part is dropped off in the offspring 
52. traits cannot be acquired through constant use of body parts.
    

Biology 2004 

1. Thegall bladderofamammalhas a ductconnectedtothe A. duodenum B. liver C. pancreas D. smallintestine 
2. The opening of the stoma is controlled by the A. presence of guard cells B. decrease in solute  concentration in the guard cells C. increase in  solute concentration in the guard cells 
3. presence of a pore. 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 3 and 4 3. Yam is used in this set-up because it A. act as a semi-permeablemembraneB. act as a storage  organ C. is permeable to the saltsolution 

1. is a plant material 
2. Which of the following results is to be expected If the  set-up is left for several hours? 
3. Movement of water from the saltsolution 
4. Decrease in the size of the yam C. Movement ofthe  salt solution into the water D. Decrease in  the volume of water inside the yam. 
5. The eggs of birds contain relatively larger quantities of  yolk than those of amphibians and reptiles because A. embryonic development is longer inbirds 

B.birds lay shelled eggs C. birds are generally bigger  in size D. those of birds are fertilized internally. 

6. In the internal structure of plants, a wide pith in the  centre is common to 
7. dicot root and monocot stems B. dicot stems and  monocot stems C. dicot stem and monocot roots D. dicot roots and monocot roots. 
8. If a nursing mother is not producing enough milk, her  hormonal system is probably deficient in 
9. testosterone B. thyroxin C. insulin D. prolactin Use the diagram below to answer questions 8 and 9 
10. The type of joint between adjacent bones in the part  labelled II isthe 
11. hinge joint B. suture joint C. slidingjoint 
12. ball-and-socket joint 
13. The boneslabelled II are called 

A.thoracic vertebrae B. lumbar vertebrae C. cervical  vertebrae D. sacralvertebrae. 

10. The breakdown of fats and oilsinto simpler absorbable  compoundsis catalyzed by the group of enzymes called A. peptidases B. amylases C. lipases D. hydrolases 
11. The two key cations involved in the action potential of  nervous transmissions are 
12. Mg2and K+ B. Na+and Fe2+ C. Fe2+ and Mg2+ D. Na+and K +

Use the diagram below to answer questions 12 and 13

12. The part labelled II is the 
13. anther B. style C. filament D. stigma 
14. The process of pollination involves the transfer of  pollensfrom 
15. III to IV B. IV to I C. II to III D. I to II 
16. The anaerobic fermentation of a glucose molecule  yields 
17. pyruvic acid and alcohol B. 38 ATPmolecules C. water and carbon (IV) oxide D. 2ATP molecules and  alcohol 

Use the diagram below to answer questions 15 and 16 15. The function of the part labelled III is to A. produce oil for the skin B. carry blood and  

nitrogenous waste C. contract to pull the hair erect 

1. conduct nervous impulses 
2. The sweat gland is the structure labelled 
3. IV B. III C. II D. I
4. The type of reproduction that is common to both Hydra and yeast is 
5. grafting B. budding C. conjugation D. binaryfission 
6. Epigeal germination of a seed is characterized by A.lack of growth of the hypocotyls B. more rapid  elongation of the hypocotyls than the epicotyl 
7. more rapid elongation of the epicotyl than the  hypocotyl D. equal growth rate of both the  

hypocotyl and epicotyl. 

19. All living cells require water because it 
20. is a medium that neutralizes acids in cells 
21. is the main source of energy for the cells 
22. prevents the development of diseases in cell 
23. is a medium for all metabolic reactions. 
24. The surface of an alveolusin a mammalsis wellsupplied  with tiny blood vessels known as 
25. capillaries B. arteries C. arterioles D. venules 

21 Nervous control differsfrom hormonal control in that  the former 

1. is a slower process B. involves only chemical  transmission C. has no specific pathway 
2. produces short-term changes 
3. Identical twinsinherit their genes from 
4. one egg and two sperms B. two eggs and a sperm C. the same egg and sperm D. different eggs and sperms 
5. Paternity disputes can most accurately be resolved  through the use of 
6. DNA analysis B. fingerprinting C. tongue-rolling D. blood group typing 
7. Sex-linked genes are located on 

A.X-and Y-chromosomes B. homologous  

chromosomes C. X- chromosomes 

1. Y- chromosome. 
2. In a Mendelian cross of red and white varieties of the  four o’clock plant, the F1 generation expresses  

incomplete dominance by having flowers which are A. multicoloured B. pink C. red D. white 

26. Insects are considered the most successful among the  invertebrates because they 
27. survive in various environmental conditions 
28. possess the ability tochange their forms C. possess  exoskeletons D. have wing for flight 
29. The absence of special food and water-conducting  systems restricts the body size in 

A the bryophytes and the pteridophyes 

1. the thallophytes and the pteridophytes C. liverworts,  mosses and ferns D. algae, liverworts and mosses. 
2. A peculiar characteristic of mammals isthat they A.have sebaceous glands B. have teeth C. are warm blooded D. have lungs. 
3. The rods in the retina of the eye are examples of A. organs B. cells C. systems D. tissues 
4. The larval stage of a mosquito is called 
5. caterpillar B. maggot C.wriggler D. grub 
6. The most common characteristic of the fungal hyphae  is the possession of 
7. cell-like partitions formed by cross-walls 
8. cell-like compartments with one nucleus each 
9. a multicellular mycelium in the substrate 
10. cell walls that are both rigid and chitinous 

Use the diagram below to answer question 32 and 33.

32. The part labelled II is responsible for 

A respiration B. protein synthesis C. excretion 

1. photosynthesis 
2. The endoplasmic reticulum is represented by the part  labelled 
3. III B. VI C. I D. II 
4. The function of the long-winged reproductives in a  termite colony isto 
5. protect theyoung B. participate in swarming 
6. feed the young D. disperse the population 
7. Aplant-likefeatureinEuglena is the 
8. large vacuole B. gullet C. pellicle D. pigment spot 
9. Which ofthe following is an example ofintraspecific  competition? 
10. Yam and potato shoots growing out through the  same window B. A lizard and an ant-eater chasing an i  nsect C.Aworkertermiteanda soldierin a limitedspace D. A hawk and an eagle targeting the same chicken 
11. The spots and stripes of the leopard and tiger are  examples of 
12. warning colouration B. countershading C. cryptic  colouration D. disruptive colouration 
13. Rodents gnaw on food with their 
14. strong jaws B. flat-ridged teeth C. chisel-likefront  teeth D. molar teeth. 
15. An evidence of the relationship between living  organisms and their extinct relatives can best be  

obtained from 

1. palaeontology B. embryologyC. comparative  

anatomy D. comparative physiology.

40. Plants survive hot dry conditions by 
41. producing numerous leaves B. having numerous  stomata C. having evergreen leave D. storing  

water in large parenchyma cells. 

41. A caterpillar and an aphid living in different parts of  the same plant can be said to 
42. be in similar microhabitats B. occupy different  ecological niches C. occupy the same ecological  niche D. be in different habitats 
43. The progressive loss of energy at each level in a food  chain leads to 
44. a decrease in biomass at each successive level B. an increase in the number of organisms at each  successive level C. an increase in the total weight of  living matter at each successive level D. an increase  in biomass at each successive level 
45. The soil type that will be most difficult to plough in a  wet season is one that is 
46. sandy B. loamy C. silty D. clayey 

Use the table below to answer questions 44 and 45

44. Which of the zones is likely to be a desert? A. III B. IV C. I D. II 
45. High relative humiditywill be expected in zones A. II and III B. II and IV C. I and IV D. I and III 
46. One adaptation ofreptilesto water lossisthe presence of A. long tails B. long sticky tongues C. keratinousscales D. claws on limbs. 
47. The scarcity of food causes a sudden decrease in  population size by 
48. minimizing the rate of competition B. raisingthe  mortality rate C. bringing about immigration 
49. decreasing the reproductive rate 
50. The association between termites and the cellulose digesting protozoan in their guts is an example of A. mutualism B. saprophytism C. commensalism D. parasitism 
51. A state in Nigeria that is most susceptible to desert  encroachment is 
52. Kaduna B. Kastina C. Kwara D. Taraba 
53. A farm practice that resultsin the loss ofsoil fertility is A. continuous cropping B. mixed farming 
54. bush fallowing D shifting cultivation.