CIVIC EDUCATION-ESSAY-ANSWERS
(1a)
Community services are activities or projects carried out by individuals or groups within a community to help and support others. These services are usually voluntary and aim to address various needs in the community, such as social, educational, environmental, or cultural.
(1b)
(i) Community Clean-up Campaigns: Organizing regular clean-up events where community members come together to pick up litter, beautify public spaces, and promote cleanliness and environmental awareness.
(ii) Skill Development Workshops: Hosting workshops and training sessions to empower community members with valuable skills such as computer literacy, financial management, entrepreneurship, or vocational training. This helps individuals enhance their employability and overall well-being.
(iii) Community Sports Programs: Creating sports programs that provide opportunities for people of all ages to participate in various sports activities. This promotes physical fitness, teamwork, and community engagement.
(iv) Community Arts and Culture Festivals: Organizing festivals that celebrate the diverse arts, music, and cultural traditions of the community. These events foster a sense of pride, unity, and appreciation for cultural heritage.
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(3a)
Leadership is the ability to guide and inspire a group of individuals towards a common goal or vision. It involves taking charge, making decisions, and providing direction to achieve desired outcomes.
(3b)
(i) Effective Communication: A good leader is able to communicate clearly and effectively with their team, conveying their vision, expectations, and providing guidance. They listen actively and encourage open dialogue.
(ii) Decision-Making Skills: A good leader possesses strong decision-making skills. They gather information, analyze options, and make informed decisions for the benefit of the team and organization. They are confident in their choices and take responsibility for the outcomes.
(iii) Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: A good leader shows empathy towards their team members, understanding their needs, concerns, and perspectives. They have emotional intelligence, which helps them manage relationships, resolve conflicts, and create a harmonious work environment.
(iv) Integrity and Accountability: A good leader leads with integrity, demonstrating honesty, trustworthiness, and ethical behavior. They take responsibility for their actions and decisions, holding themselves accountable. They lead by example and earn the respect and trust of their team.
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(6a)
Democracy is seen as a system where power of governance is with the people, though exercised by some individuals elected by the electorate through popular and periodic elections.
(6b)
(i)Independent Judiciary is the absolute freedom of the judiciary to administer justice without interference from any external body such as executive, legislature, civil societies.
(ii)The military which consist of the army, air-force and navy are empowered by the constitution to protect/defend the territorial integrity of a democratic state against internal insurrection and external aggression.
(iii)Political parties are organized group of people who have the same political opinion, interest and beliefs with the sole aim of contesting elections in other to gain political power and sustain the interest of the masses in a democratic state.
(6c)
(i)Adopted Law from another country.
(ii)Cultures of several ethnic groups.
(iii)Law made by the legislative arm of the government.
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(7a)
drug is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body’s function either physically or psychologically. In other words drug is administered to use in the diagnosis, cure, relief, treatment, or prevention of disease or intended to affect the structure or function of the body.
(7b)
(i) Economic burden: Drug abuse has a significant impact on society’s economy. It leads to increased healthcare costs, loss of productivity in the workforce due to addiction and absenteeism, and increased crime rates, resulting in additional costs for law enforcement and the justice system.
(ii) Crime: Drug abuse contributes to higher crime rates in society as addicts may resort to theft, violence, and other illegal activities to obtain money to support their addiction and cause violence to the society.
(iii) Healthcare burden: Drug abuse places a strain on healthcare systems. Substance abuse-related illnesses, injuries, and overdoses require medical intervention, leading to increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and healthcare expenditures. The society as a whole bears the cost of these healthcare services.
(7c)
(i) Involvement in school and extra-curricular activities such as sports may keep people out of drug abuse
(ii)Creation of job opportunities and access to hard drugs should be controlled by those in authority
(iii)Counseling the drug abusers of its consequences may prevent them from future drug abusers and they should be encouraged to resist negative peer pressure
