[6/5, 9:30 AM] Solution: CRS
**8.**
**(a) James and the Poor Man**
In the church, James addressed the situation described by saying:
“My brethren, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with partiality. For if there should come into your assembly a man with gold rings and fine apparel, and there should also come in a poor man in filthy garments, and you pay attention to the one wearing the fine clothes and say to him, ‘You sit here in a good place,’ and say to the poor man, ‘You stand there,’ or, ‘Sit here at my feet,’ have you not shown partiality among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?” (James 2:1-4)
James condemned the practice of showing favoritism to the wealthy and discriminating against the poor. He taught that all believers, regardless of their socioeconomic status, should be treated with respect and dignity.
**(b) Effects on Societal Progress**
The situation of discrimination and prejudice based on wealth can affect the progress of society in three ways:
1. **Social Division:** It creates a divide between the wealthy and the poor, leading to resentment, conflict, and instability.
2. **Economic Inequality:** Discrimination against the poor perpetuates economic inequality and makes it difficult for them to improve their lives. This hinders economic growth and prevents society from reaching its full potential.
3. **Moral Degradation:** The practice of favoring the wealthy over the poor erodes moral values and corrupts society’s ethical foundation. It undermines the principles of justice, equality, and compassion that are essential for a healthy and prosperous society.
[6/5, 9:33 AM] Solution: CRS
**8.**
**(a) James and the Poor Man**
In the church, James addressed the situation described by saying:
“My brethren, do not hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with partiality. For if there should come into your assembly a man with gold rings and fine apparel, and there should also come in a poor man in filthy garments, and you pay attention to the one wearing the fine clothes and say to him, ‘You sit here in a good place,’ and say to the poor man, ‘You stand there,’ or, ‘Sit here at my feet,’ have you not shown partiality among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?” (James 2:1-4)
James condemned the practice of showing favoritism to the wealthy and discriminating against the poor. He taught that all believers, regardless of their socioeconomic status, should be treated with respect and dignity.
**(b) Effects on Societal Progress**
The situation of discrimination and prejudice based on wealth can affect the progress of society in three ways:
1. **Social Division:** It creates a divide between the wealthy and the poor, leading to resentment, conflict, and instability.
2. **Economic Inequality:** Discrimination against the poor perpetuates economic inequality and makes it difficult for them to improve their lives. This hinders economic growth and prevents society from reaching its full potential.
3. **Moral Degradation:** The practice of favoring the wealthy over the poor erodes moral values and corrupts society’s ethical foundation. It undermines the principles of justice, equality, and compassion that are essential for a healthy and prosperous society.
[6/5, 9:33 AM] Solution: 1a
According to the Bible, King Solomon’s unwise policies had several consequences for Israel. Here are three ways Israel was affected:
i . Economic burden: Solomon’s excessive building projects, luxurious lifestyle, and extensive trade networks led to a significant economic burden on the people of Israel. He imposed high taxes, forced labor, and heavy tribute, which caused widespread discontent and resentment among the population (1 Kings 12:4).
ii . Political instability: Solomon’s policies and actions ultimately led to the division of the kingdom after his death. His son Rehoboam’s refusal to ease the economic burden led to the secession of the northern tribes, forming the Kingdom of Israel (also known as the Northern Kingdom), while Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to Rehoboam, forming the Kingdom of Judah (1 Kings 12).
iii. Religious apostasy: Solomon’s marriages to foreign wives and his accommodation of their religions led to the introduction of idolatrous practices in Israel, which undermined the people’s faithfulness to the Lord and contributed to the nation’s spiritual decline (1 Kings 11:1-13).
These consequences had far-reaching effects on Israel’s history, leading to centuries of division, conflict, and ultimately, exile.
[6/5, 9:34 AM] Solution: *CRK ANSWERS*
(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Heavy Taxation: To fund his numerous building projects, Solomon imposed heavy taxes on the people. This created a financial burden on the citizens and led to widespread dissatisfaction.
(ii) Forced Labor: Solomon conscripted labor from the Israelites for his construction projects. Many people were compelled to work on these projects, which caused resentment and hardship among the population.
(iii) Religious Idolatry: Solomon married many foreign women who brought their own gods and religious practices to Israel. Solomon built altars for these foreign gods, leading to the introduction of idolatry in Israel and weakening the worship of Yahweh.
(iv) Economic Strain: The lavish lifestyle of Solomon’s court and the expenses of his numerous building projects drained the nation’s resources. This economic strain affected the prosperity of the kingdom and the well-being of its citizens.
(v) Political Division: The discontent caused by Solomon’s policies set the stage for political instability. After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam’s decision to continue his harsh policies led to the division of the kingdom into Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom).
(vi) Loss of Tribal Unity: Solomon’s centralization of power and neglect of tribal distinctions led to a loss of unity among the tribes of Israel. This centralization of authority alienated the northern tribes, contributing to the eventual split of the kingdom.
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Arrogance: Leaders who are arrogant tend to ignore the opinions and needs of others, acting in their own self-interest rather than considering the welfare of those they lead. This attitude creates a disconnect between the leader and the people.
(ii) Inflexibility: Inflexible leaders refuse to adapt to new situations or consider alternative viewpoints. This rigidity can lead to poor decision-making and stifle innovation, causing frustration among followers.
(iii) Lack of Empathy: Leaders who lack empathy do not understand or acknowledge the feelings and challenges of their followers. This insensitivity makes them seem cold and uncaring, leading to dissatisfaction and loss of support.
(iv) Dishonesty: When leaders are dishonest, they lose the trust of their followers. Lies and deceit can lead to a breakdown in communication and a loss of credibility, making it difficult for the leader to gain and maintain support.
(v) Incompetence: Leaders who lack the necessary skills and knowledge to lead effectively are often viewed as incompetent. This incompetence can result in poor decision-making, failure to achieve goals, and a loss of confidence among followers.
(vi) Authoritarianism: Leaders who rule with an iron fist, using fear and intimidation, often become unpopular. This authoritarian approach suppresses free expression and creativity, leading to resentment and rebellion among those they lead.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: *IRK*
(2a)
The term Sunnah refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (S A.W) that were documented and passed down by his companions and their followers. It includes his teachings, guidance, and examples of how he lived his life, which serve as a model for Muslims to follow.
(2b)
(i)Authentic chain of narrators: A sound Hadith has a continuous and unbroken chain of narrators, each of whom is known for their integrity and accuracy.
(ii)Reliable narrators: The narrators in the chain must be known for their truthfulness, trustworthiness, and knowledge.
(iii)Clear and unambiguous text: The text of the Hadith must be clear and unambiguous, without any contradictions or doubts.
(iv)Free from contradictions: A sound Hadith does not contradict the Quran, other established Hadiths, or established historical facts.
(v)Free from errors: The Hadith must be free from errors in grammar, syntax, and language.
(vi)Confirmed by multiple narrations: A sound Hadith is confirmed by multiple narrations from different narrators.
(vii)Not contrary to reason or intellect: A sound Hadith must not be contrary to reason or intellect, and must be in line with the general principles of Islam.
(viii)Not in conflict with historical facts: A sound Hadith must not be in conflict with established historical facts and must be in line with the context in which it was narrated.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: *IRK*
(3)
(i)Time: The prayer is performed in the morning, after sunrise, on the 10th day of the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah.
(ii)Congregation: Muslims gather in a large congregation, usually in a mosque or an outdoor area, to perform the prayer.
(iii)Preparation: Before the prayer, Muslims:
– Take a bath or shower (ghusl)
– Wear new or clean clothes
– Apply perfume or fragrance
– Bring a sacrificial animal (if possible)
(iv)Prayer:
– The Imam leads the congregation in two rak’ahs (units) of prayer
– The prayer includes specific supplications and recitations
– Muslims face the Ka’bah in Makkah during the prayer
(v)Khutbah_: After the prayer, the Imam delivers a sermon (khutbah), which includes:
– Praise and gratitude to Allah
– The story of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his willingness to sacrifice his son
– The importance of obedience, sacrifice, and generosity
– Congratulations and blessings for the congregation
(vi)Sacrifice: After the prayer and khutbah, Muslims who have the means sacrifice an animal (usually a sheep, goat, or cow) to commemorate Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son. The meat is then distributed to the poor and needy.
(vii)Celebration: The rest of the day is spent with family and friends, exchanging gifts, sharing meals, and celebrating the occasion.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: *I.R.K ANSWERS*
(1)
After the death of Prophet Muhammad the Muslim community was faced with the challenge of preserving the Qur’an which had been revealed to the Prophet over a period of 23 years. During the Prophet’s life, the verses were memorized verbatim by his companions, and some were also written down on various materials such as parchment, bone, and leaves. However, the primary mode of preservation was through memorization.
The need for compilation became apparent after the Battle of Yamama where many Muslims who had memorized the Qur’an were martyred. Concerned about the potential loss of the Qur’an, Caliph Abu Bakr ordered the collection of the revelations into a single, authoritative manuscript. He entrusted this task to Zaid ibn Thabit, a former scribe of the Prophet who was known for his meticulousness and had memorized the Qur’an himself.
Zaid approached this monumental task with caution. He set up strict criteria for the collection process: each verse had to be verified by two witnesses who had heard it directly from the Prophet, and he cross-referenced the oral recitations with the written fragments. This way, Zaid ensured the accuracy and authenticity of the compilation.
The result was a single, compiled volume of the Qur’an, ordered according to the instructions that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had given during his lifetime, as the Prophet had overseen the arrangement of verses and chapters (Surahs) when they were revealed. This compiled manuscript was kept with the Caliph Abu Bakr, and after his death, it was passed on to the next Caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, and then to his daughter, Hafsa bint Umar, who was one of the Prophet’s widows and a trusted guardian of the manuscript.
Later, during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan, due to the rapid expansion of the Islamic empire and the variations in recitation that began to spread in different regions, a decision was made to standardize the Qur’an text. Uthman ordered the preparation of several copies of the original manuscript compiled during Abu Bakr’s time, which were then sent to various Islamic centers of the empire. He also instituted the writing down of the Qur’an in the Quraishi dialect, the dialect of the Prophet.
This standardized version of the Qur’an, known as the Uthmanic codex, is the one that has been used by Muslims around the world ever since, and it has been preserved with remarkable consistency across the centuries. The process of compilation ensured that the Qur’an remained authentic to the revelations received by the Prophet, safeguarding it for future generations.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: *IRK*
(6a)
Bismillaahir Rahmaanir Raheem
(i)Innaa anzalnaahu fee lailatil qadr
(ii)Wa maa adraaka ma lailatul qadr
(iii)Lailatul qadri khairum min alfee shahr
(iv)Tanaz zalul malaa-ikatu war roohu feeha bi izni-rab bihim min kulli amr
(v)Salaamun hiya hattaa mat la’il fajr
(6b)
In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Most Merciful
(i)Verily! We have sent it (this Qur’an) down in the night of Al-Qadr (Decree)
(ii)And what will make you know what the night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is?
(iii)The night of Al-Qadr (Decree) is better than a thousand months (i.e. worshipping Allah in that night is better than worshipping Him a thousand months, i.e. 83 years and 4 months).
(iv)Therein descend the angels and the Ruh [Jibrael (Gabriel)] by Allah’s Permission with all Decrees,
(v)Peace! (All that night, there is Peace and Goodness from Allah to His believing slaves) until the appearance of dawn.
(6c)
(i).Quran 97, titled “Al-Qadr” or “The Decree,” discusses the night of decree, which is believed to occur during the month of Ramadan, highlighting its significance in Islamic belief and practice.
(ii)This chapter emphasizes the profound importance of the night of decree, describing it as better than a thousand months, symbolizing the immense blessings and spiritual opportunities it offers to believers.
(iii)Quran 97 encourages believers to engage in worship, reflection, and supplication during the night of decree, as it is a time when divine mercy and guidance are particularly abundant.
(iv)The chapter underscores the concept of predestination (Qadr) in Islam, affirming that Allah’s decree is absolute and encompasses all aspects of existence, including human destiny and the unfolding of events.
(v)Through Quran 97, Muslims are reminded of the transformative power of faith, prayer, and devotion, especially during moments of spiritual significance such as the night of decree, which serves as a source of hope, inspiration, and renewal for believers.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: *CRS ANSWERS*
SENIOR SOURCE SOLUTION TEAM S.L
NIGERIA CRS
(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Heavy Taxation: To fund his numerous building projects, Solomon imposed heavy taxes on the people. This created a financial burden on the citizens and led to widespread dissatisfaction.
(ii) Forced Labor: Solomon conscripted labor from the Israelites for his construction projects. Many people were compelled to work on these projects, which caused resentment and hardship among the population.
(iii) Religious Idolatry: Solomon married many foreign women who brought their own gods and religious practices to Israel. Solomon built altars for these foreign gods, leading to the introduction of idolatry in Israel and weakening the worship of Yahweh.
(iv) Economic Strain: The lavish lifestyle of Solomon’s court and the expenses of his numerous building projects drained the nation’s resources. This economic strain affected the prosperity of the kingdom and the well-being of its citizens.
(v) Political Division: The discontent caused by Solomon’s policies set the stage for political instability. After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam’s decision to continue his harsh policies led to the division of the kingdom into Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom).
(vi) Loss of Tribal Unity: Solomon’s centralization of power and neglect of tribal distinctions led to a loss of unity among the tribes of Israel. This centralization of authority alienated the northern tribes, contributing to the eventual split of the kingdom.
(1b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Arrogance: Leaders who are arrogant tend to ignore the opinions and needs of others, acting in their own self-interest rather than considering the welfare of those they lead. This attitude creates a disconnect between the leader and the people.
(ii) Inflexibility: Inflexible leaders refuse to adapt to new situations or consider alternative viewpoints. This rigidity can lead to poor decision-making and stifle innovation, causing frustration among followers.
(iii) Lack of Empathy: Leaders who lack empathy do not understand or acknowledge the feelings and challenges of their followers. This insensitivity makes them seem cold and uncaring, leading to dissatisfaction and loss of support.
(iv) Dishonesty: When leaders are dishonest, they lose the trust of their followers. Lies and deceit can lead to a breakdown in communication and a loss of credibility, making it difficult for the leader to gain and maintain support.
(v) Incompetence: Leaders who lack the necessary skills and knowledge to lead effectively are often viewed as incompetent. This incompetence can result in poor decision-making, failure to achieve goals, and a loss of confidence among followers.
(vi) Authoritarianism: Leaders who rule with an iron fist, using fear and intimidation, often become unpopular. This authoritarian approach suppresses free expression and creativity, leading to resentment and rebellion among those they lead.
[6/5, 9:55 AM] Solution: _*QUESTION 5*_ CRS
(a). In Luke’s account of the demands of discipleship, Jesus emphasizes the need for total commitment and self-sacrifice. Some key aspects of discipleship highlighted in Luke’s Gospel include:
1. Priority over family and personal ties: Jesus stresses that following him takes precedence over family relationships and personal attachments. He says, “If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even their own life—such a person cannot be my disciple” (Luke 14:26).
2. Carrying one’s cross: Jesus emphasizes that discipleship involves embracing suffering and self-denial. He says, “Whoever does not carry their cross and follow me cannot be my disciple” (Luke 14:27). This calls for the willingness to face challenges and persecution for the sake of following Christ.
3. Counting the cost: Luke records Jesus’ teaching on the importance of carefully considering the demands of discipleship before committing to it. Jesus uses the analogies of building a tower and waging war to illustrate that one must evaluate the costs and be prepared to make sacrifices (Luke 14:28-33).
(b). Three characteristics expected of a potential disciple include:
1. Faith: A potential disciple must have faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Savior. This involves believing in his teachings, accepting his sacrifice on the cross, and following his example.
2. Obedience: Discipleship calls for obedience to Christ’s teachings and commandments. A potential disciple must be willing to align their life with God’s will and commit to a lifestyle of faith and obedience.
3. Love: Jesus taught that the greatest commandment is to love God with all one’s heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself (Mark 12:30-31). Therefore, a potential disciple should strive to cultivate a deep love for God and genuine concern for others.
[6/5, 9:57 AM] Solution: *IRK*
(3)
(i)Time: The prayer is performed in the morning, aft
